Question 1

Lindy is trying to decide whether or not Marisa's behaviour is dispositional.Which of the following factors should Lindy consider if she relies on correspondent inference theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether Marisa's friends are also showing that behaviour 
B)  whether Marisa has behaved in this way before 
C)  if Marisa's behaviour was expected given the situation 
D)  the intensity of Marisa's behaviour

Question 2

Consider a baseball manager who clings to old strategies that are ineffective,a lawyer who selects juries according to false stereotypes,and a political leader who does not withdraw support for a failing program.What are all three exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance 
B)  confirmatory hypothesis testing 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  need for closure

Question 3

Lex voted for Dean to be the class president at his university this year.He believes that approximately 40 percent of people at his university did as well.In reality,closer to 20 percent of voters chose Dean.What concept does Lex's overestimation illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the false-consensus effect 
B)  the confirmation bias 
C)  counterfactual thinking 
D)  the covariation principle

Question 4

What does the actor-observer effect refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency to explain other people's actions in dispositional terms while viewing personal behaviour as situationally determined 
B)  the tendency to rely on personally vivid examples of behaviour to judge the likelihood of future behaviour 
C)  the tendency to make assumptions about the unknown personality characteristics of actors on the basis of known characteristics 
D)  the tendency to assume that the behaviour of others will be similar to one's own behaviour

Question 5

Andrew tends to view the behaviour of others in gross units,whereas Angela tends to break others' behaviour down into fine units.Compared to Angela,which of the following is Andrew more likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  pay more attention to the behaviour 
B)  detect more meaningful actions 
C)  remember fewer details about the behaviour 
D)  form a more positive impression of an actor

Question 6

Under which of the following circumstances are social perceivers most likely to form accurate judgments of others?

Accepted Answer

A)  if they rely exclusively on cognitive heuristics 
B)  if they make quick judgments that they don't think too deeply about 
C)  if they are motivated to be accurate 
D)  if they ignore the rules of probability and logic,and trust their instincts

Question 7

How are adults with baby-faced facial features perceived and treated differently than adults with mature facial features? What are two explanations for these effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are adults with baby-faced facial features...

Question 8

When observing other people's behaviour,Danny tends to use the covariation principle and Amos tends to use cognitive heuristics.Which of the following statements best describes Danny and Amos?

Accepted Answer

A)  Danny is more influenced than Amos by consensus information. 
B)  Danny is less careful than Amos when drawing inferences from people's behaviour. 
C)  Danny is more likely than Amos to make judgments consistent with the base-rate fallacy. 
D)  Danny is more likely than Amos to make personal attributions,whereas Amos is more likely than Danny to make situational attributions.

Question 9

Monica uses the availability heuristic much more frequently than does Raul.Therefore,Monica is more likely than Raul to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  rely heavily on situational cues that are available in the stream of behaviour she observes 
B)  perceive and utilize the available consensus information 
C)  make judgments that are more resistant to the false-consensus effect 
D)  estimate the likelihood of an event in terms of the ease with which instances of it come to mind

Question 10

The idea that impressions are based on a perceiver's disposition to form certain impressions and a weighted average of the target person's characteristics is most consistent with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  correspondent inference theory 
B)  cognitive heuristics 
C)  the actor-observer effect 
D)  information integration theory

Question 11

According to implicit personality theories,which of the following would be most likely if we know Yael is an extrovert?

Accepted Answer

A)  We would be less likely to form an overall positive impression of her. 
B)  We would be more likely to form an overall positive impression of her. 
C)  We would look for situations in which one ought to be extroverted. 
D)  We would assume she also possesses other traits related to extroversion.

Question 12

The impressions we form of others depend upon many factors,including perceiver characteristics,target characteristics,and situational factors.Which of the following situational factors is most likely to impact impression formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  belief perseverance 
B)  trait negativity bias 
C)  priming effects 
D)  implicit personality theory

Question 13

Based on Medvecs (1997)research,how do you predict that Olympian medalists think about their performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronze and silver medalists are equally likely to think,"What if… I had won the gold?" 
B)  Silver medalists are happier with their standing than bronze medalists,because silver medalists think about how they could have done worse and received the bronze. 
C)  Silver medalists are less happy with their standing than bronze medalists,because silver medalists think about how they could have done better and won the gold. 
D)  Bronze medalists less happy than silver medalists because they are envious of both silver and gold medalists.

Question 14

Among your group of friends,Kent is the only one who is ever late for your weekly movie night.You've noticed that he is late every week and that he is also late for class,parties,weddings,sporting events,and dental appointments.According to Kelley's covariation model of attribution,how would Kent's behaviour best be described?

Accepted Answer

A)  low in consensus,high in consistency,and low in distinctiveness 
B)  low in consensus,high in consistency,and high in distinctiveness 
C)  low in consensus,low in consistency,and low distinctiveness 
D)  high in consensus,high in consistency,and high distinctiveness

Question 15

Carol is asked to rate her husband in terms of how helpful he is with the household chores.Because she cannot think of a single instance of such behaviour,she gives him a very low rating.What is Carol relying on to make her judgment?

Accepted Answer

A)  counterfactual thinking 
B)  the base-rate fallacy 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  the confirmation bias

Question 16

Anthony is talking to his friends about his ex-girlfriend and claims that she broke off their relationship because she is selfish,cold,and arrogant.What kind of attribution is Anthony making?

Accepted Answer

A)  a personal attribution 
B)  a situational attribution 
C)  a defensive attribution 
D)  a counterfactual attribution

Question 17

One explanation for the fundamental attribution error concerns Fritz Heider's observation that people tend to attribute events to which of the following types of factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  salient factors 
B)  abstract factors 
C)  emotional factors 
D)  factors that are external to the action

Question 18

Colin and Erin are waiting to meet with their caterer so that they can discuss the menu for their wedding.The caterer is 30 minutes late and still hasn't arrived.Colin suggests that the caterer is probably delayed because of traffic.Erin suggests that the caterer is probably disorganized and unreliable.What kind of attribution is Erin making?

Accepted Answer

A)  a dispositional attribution 
B)  a situational attribution 
C)  a personal attribution 
D)  a correspondent attribution

Question 19

Bella is a teacher who suspects that a student is trying to deceive her.Under which of the following conditions does Bella have the best chance of detecting whether or not the student is lying?

Accepted Answer

A)  if Bella reads a written transcript of the student's story 
B)  if Bella sees a silent video of the student's face as the student tells the story 
C)  if Bella reads a written transcript of the student's story and sees a silent video of the student's face as the student tells the story 
D)  if Bella sees a silent video of the student's body language as the student tells the story

Question 20

How can the availability heuristic lead to the base-rate fallacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  by increasing people's confidence in the percentage of others who share their opinions 
B)  by increasing people's confidence that an unlikely event will occur 
C)  by increasing people's tendency to make situational attributions 
D)  by bringing to mind events that could have happened but didn't

Exam 4: Perceiving Persons