Question 1

Raine and his colleagues found that

Accepted Answer

A)  the occipital area was 25% less active than normal in nonabused murderers and 45% smaller in the antisocial men. 
B)  the parietal area was 2% less active than normal in nonabused murderers and 45% smaller in the antisocial men. 
C)  the prefrontal cortex was 14% less active than normal in nonabused murderers and 15% smaller in the antisocial men. 
D)  All of the above

Question 2

Researchers have argued that the presence of guns can elicit violence because they serve as aggression cues. According to your text, what other reason is associated with increased violence when guns, as compared to other weapons, are present?

Accepted Answer

A)  People conform to the situational influences around them. 
B)  Social learning theory dictates that observed violence leads to displayed violence. 
C)  Guns put psychological distance between the aggressor and the victim. 
D)  Guns are arousing, but only when the individuals are familiar with them.

Question 3

A person punching a wall after losing a game of checkers is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  displacement. 
C)  relative deprivation. 
D)  the weapons effect.

Question 4

Hennigan and colleagues suggest that the larceny theft rate in U.S. cities jumped after television was first introduced because the thieves

Accepted Answer

A)  observed too much crime on television. 
B)  felt deprived relative to wealthy television characters and those portrayed in advertisements. 
C)  became more removed from the socializing influence of home and school. 
D)  wanted but could not afford the luxury of a television set.

Question 5

Check and Malamuth reported that students who read erotic rape stories and were then debriefed about the study's true purpose were

Accepted Answer

A)  more accepting of the "women enjoy rape" myth than other participants. 
B)  less accepting of the "women enjoy rape" myth than other participants. 
C)  more likely to overestimate the occurrence of rape in society than other participants. 
D)  more likely to underestimate the occurrence of rape in society than other participants.

Question 6

Frustration grows when

Accepted Answer

A)  our motivation to achieve a goal is very strong. 
B)  we expected gratification. 
C)  we are completely blocked in attaining our goal. 
D)  all of these choices.

Question 7

Laboratory experiments confirm that exposure to violent pornography

Accepted Answer

A)  increases punitive behaviour toward women. 
B)  increases punitive behaviour toward both men and women. 
C)  increases men's sympathy toward female victimization. 
D)  none of these choices.

Question 8

Eron and Huesmann found that violence viewing among 875 eight-year-olds correlated with aggressiveness even after statistically pulling out several obvious possible third factors. Moreover, when they restudied these individuals as 19 years olds they discovered that viewing violence at age 8 ___________ predicted aggressiveness at age 19, but that aggressiveness at age 8 __________ predict viewing violence at age 19.

Accepted Answer

A)  modestly; did not 
B)  highly; did not 
C)  did not; did 
D)  highly; did

Question 9

Men who sexually coerce women often combine ___________ with ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual fantasies; shyness. 
B)  sexual fantasies; hostile masculinity. 
C)  sexual promiscuity; shyness. 
D)  sexual promiscuity; hostile masculinity.

Question 10

Which of the following would be considered aggression as the term is defined in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  A motorist accidentally hits a child who has run into the car's path. 
B)  An assertive salesperson manages to sell $200,000 worth of automobiles in one month. 
C)  A child attempts to hit a playmate with a rock but misses. 
D)  All of these choices.

Question 11

In the Southern culture of honour, White men are

Accepted Answer

A)  twice as likely as rural Midwestern White men to have guns for protection. 
B)  half as likely to agree that "a man has a right to kill to defend his home." 
C)  twice as likely to be against spanking. 
D)  half as likely to support wars.

Question 12

Which of the following has not been shown to be a biochemical influence on aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  the amygdala 
C)  testosterone 
D)  serotonin

Question 13

Of the following, which is the best example of instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  An angry football player tackles a quarterback after he has attempted a long pass. 
B)  A jealous wife finds her husband with another woman and shoots them both. 
C)  A group of mercenaries, hired to kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to poison him. 
D)  A man smashes his TV set after he cannot make it work.

Question 14

People in your class fit into one of two groups. The "Blues" are often depressed. The "Reds" are never depressed. The two groups are otherwise the same. You would expect that

Accepted Answer

A)  the Blues have lower serotonin and are more likely to act aggressively. 
B)  the Reds have higher serotonin and are more likely to act aggressively. 
C)  the Blues have higher serotonin and are less likely to act aggressively. 
D)  the Reds have lower serotonin and are less likely to act aggressively.

Question 15

Violent games __________ become more violent over the years.

Accepted Answer

A)  have not 
B)  have 
C)  both A and B 
D)  none of these choices

Question 16

Ken was walking along thinking intensely about a fight he witnessed during his last hockey game. Scott was walking along thinking intensely about how to improve his skating and stick-handling. When Ken and Scott bump into each other, who is most likely to react with aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scott, because Ken would still be thinking about the earlier fight. 
B)  Ken, because he would experience the death instinct. 
C)  Scott, because his hockey-related thoughts would prime him for aggression. 
D)  Ken, because his violence-related thoughts would prime him for aggression.

Question 17

Azrin's research with rats and other animal species has found

Accepted Answer

A)  a consistent pain-attack response that occurs across species. 
B)  aggressive responses vary across species depending on the level of provocation. 
C)  pain from shocks leads to attack only against one's own species. 
D)  only physical pain, and not psychological pain, led to aggressive responses.

Question 18

The famous "Bobo doll" experiments were conducted by

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  Ken Dion. 
C)  Leonard Berkowitz. 
D)  Albert Bandura.

Question 19

Nancy is running around in the park, playing a vigorous game with her children, when she sees someone who treated her badly at a recent social event. She feels a very strong surge of anger. This is an example of the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol unleashes aggression. 
B)  group membership increases hostility. 
C)  arousal of any type feeds emotions. 
D)  pheno-motives are dangerous.

Question 20

Instinctive behaviour is behaviour that is

Accepted Answer

A)  survival-oriented and common to most members of a species. 
B)  innate, unlearned, and shown by all members of a species. 
C)  reflexive and automatic but easily overcome by learning. 
D)  the way members of a species ought to behave.

Exam 9: Aggression: Hurting Others