Question 1

When the removal of an event increases the likelihood of a prior response,_______ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Question 2

The apparatus that has come to symbolize the theory of operant conditioning is the:

Accepted Answer

A) Rubik's cube. 
B) Skinner box. 
C) Pavlov bell. 
D) Thorndike puzzle.

Question 3

Classical conditioning was discovered by _______.

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlov 
B) Watson 
C) Thorndike 
D) Skinner

Question 4

In classical conditioning the stimulus that normally evokes an automatic response even without new learning is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) reflexive stimulus. 
C) unconditioned stimulus. 
D) orienting stimulus.

Question 5

A person is conditioned to fear white rats.Soon after,she also begins to fear white cats,white dogs,and white rabbits.Her new,unconditioned fears result from _______.

Accepted Answer

A) modeling 
B) discrimination 
C) response generalization 
D) stimulus generalization

Question 6

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious learning 
B) innate learning 
C) latent learning 
D) insight

Question 7

Five-year-old Tommy is helping get ready for a family reunion at Thanksgiving by polishing the good silverware.If his mother gives him a dime for each piece he polishes,what kind of reinforcement schedule is she using?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) variable ratio

Question 8

Lila doesn't like her psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced pop exams to test the class.As a result,she never knows when she will be tested.Her instructor is testing her on a __________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 9

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increases.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart would race.Laura's increased heart rate when she smelled Old Spice was the:

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response.

Question 10

Sandy's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines.Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a __________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable-interval

Question 11

Thorndike is to _______ as Skinner is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement; Law of Effect 
B) Law of Effect; reinforcement 
C) reinforcement; punishment 
D) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

Question 12

The fact that a reward will increase the future likelihood of a response that produced it is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) the discrimination principle. 
B) the law of practice. 
C) the law of effect. 
D) the Premack principle.

Question 13

A camp leader repeatedly hugs a camper after she helps her friend.Each time,the camper is embarrassed and shies away from future acts of assistance.In the example,"Hugging the camper" is _______.

Accepted Answer

A) a positive reinforcer 
B) a primary reinforcer 
C) a punishment 
D) none of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) a bar of candy 
B) warm,physical contact 
C) money 
D) a drink of water

Question 15

An infant who is fed every four hours is on a schedule that is SIMILAR to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) variable interval

Question 16

An automatic,innate,and involuntary response to an environmental event is an ________.

Accepted Answer

A) UR 
B) reflexive response 
C) unconditioned response 
D) all of the above

Question 17

The concept of latent learning was developed by __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Watson 
B) Skinner 
C) Thorndike 
D) Tolman

Question 18

Insight is a concept associated with _______ learning theory.

Accepted Answer

A) classical 
B) operant 
C) social 
D) cognitive

Question 19

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) the person lighting the firecrackers 
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 20

Gretta spends a lot of time at the race track betting on ponies,and occasionally she wins.The frequency of her betting is controlled by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio schedules 
B) a continuous reinforcement schedule 
C) a partial schedule of reinforcement 
D) luck

Exam 5: A: Learning