Question 1

The distance that oxygen can diffuse through living tissue is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  0.002 mm.
B)  0.02 mm.
C)  0.2 mm.
D)  2 mm.
E)  20 mm. C

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most carcinomas depend upon stromal cells for support.
B)  Tumors growing in the ascites and pleural fluid require stromal cells for structural support.
C)  Many genes activated during stromal development in tumors are also activated during the wound-healing response.
D)  The growth of large tumors is dependent upon the genesis of blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to the cells.
E)  None of the above. B

Question 3

Blood vessels within tumors are

Accepted Answer

A)  Often constructed in evenly spaced patterns to provide oxygen and nutrients throughout the tumor.
B)  Often constructed in a haphazard,seemingly disorganized fashion.
C)  Growth-suppressed by antagonists of the VEGF receptor.
D)  B and C.
E)  None of the above D

Question 4

Stromal cells formed within various types of cancerous tumors include

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibroblasts.
B)  Lymphocytes.
C)  Macrophages.
D)  A,B,and C.
E)  None of the above.

Question 5

VEGF is involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytic migration.
B)  Hematopoiesis.
C)  Capillary permeability.
D)  Angiogenesis.
E)  All of the above.

Question 6

Many anti-cancer drugs are often first tested on cells cultured in vitro.Which of the following statements may BEST explain why these in vitro tests do not always predict clinical response to these drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer cells grown in vitro do not proliferate as readily as they do in vivo.
B)  Cancer cells grown in vitro are always anchorage-independent.
C)  The conditions of in vitro culture do not recapitulate the effects of the stromal compartment of tumors operating in vivo.
D)  A and B.
E)  A and C.

Question 7

Mice in which the TGF-β type II receptor was inactivated in stromal fibroblasts exhibited

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased incidence of carcinomas.
B)  Reduced incidence of carcinomas.
C)  Stromal hyperplasia.
D)  A and C.
E)  All of the above.

Question 8

Epithelial cells undergoing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition EMT)will

Accepted Answer

A)  Migrate away from a wound site.
B)  Express vimentin.
C)  Express cytokeratin.
D)  Exhibit a polygonal shape.
E)  None of the above.

Question 9

Angiogenesis inhibitors are an attractive anti-cancer agent because

Accepted Answer

A)  They target the rapidly dividing cancer cells.
B)  They target the smallest tumors at an early stage as they are starting to form.
C)  They target the normal cells rather than the ever-mutating cancer cells.
D)  They have no side effects.
E)  None of the above.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most cells in the tumor masses of patients with this disease are neoplastic cells.
B)  The neoplastic cells within Hodgkin's lymphoma tumors are known as Reed-Sternberg cells.
C)  Many normal lymphocytes are recruited to the site of neoplastic cells within patients who have this disease.
D)  B and C.
E)  None of the above.

Question 11

Heterotypic signaling between different cell types in a tumor often involves the activities of

Accepted Answer

A)  Trophic factors favoring cell survival.
B)  Growth-inhibitory signals.
C)  Mitogenic growth factors.
D)  A,B,and C
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an angiogenic factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  TNF-α
B)  Angiopoietin
C)  Thrombospondin-1
D)  PDGF
E)  Leptin

Question 13

Colony-stimulating factor-1 CSF-1)Level 2)

Accepted Answer

A)  Recruits lymphocytes to tumors.
B)  Stimulates the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages.
C)  Is involved in tumor initiation.
D)  Does not play a role in the development of the tumor stromal compartment.
E)  None of the above.

Question 14

Myofibroblasts

Accepted Answer

A)  Secrete matrix metalloproteinases MMPs) .
B)  Have serine in their catalytic clefts.
C)  Inhibit the process of wound healing.
D)  A and B.
E)  A,B,and C.

Exam 13: Dialogue Replaces Monologue: Heterotypic Interactions and the Biology of Angiogenesis