Question 1

Researchers have discovered a link between nicotine use and:

Accepted Answer

A)   introversion.
B)   extraversion.
C)   depression.
D)   compulsivity. C

Question 2

Which drugs boost activity in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulants
B)   depressants
C)   hallucinogens
D)   psychoactive A

Question 3

Alcohol abuse is a:

Accepted Answer

A)   state in which the use of alcohol is required for a person to function normally.
B)   maladaptive drinking pattern in which drinking interferes with role obligations.
C)   neurological state induced by excessive use of alcohol.
D)   personality syndrome linked to alcohol dependence. B

Question 4

Cocaine produces its stimulating effects by:

Accepted Answer

A)   blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine in the synapse.
B)   causing presynaptic cells to release more norepinephrine.
C)   causing presynaptic cells to release more dopamine.
D)   blocking serotonin receptors in postsynaptic cells.

Question 5

Cigarette smoking is rewarding in part because it:

Accepted Answer

A)   lowers blood pressure.
B)   decreases alertness.
C)   reduces activity in the sympathetic nervous system.
D)   induces relaxation in the skeletal muscles.

Question 6

Dr.Fitzgerald believes that young people who have a sense that their worlds are coherent and understandable,who feel confident that they have the skills necessary to meet life's demands,and who feel a commitment to themselves and their lives are unlikely to become substance abusers.Dr.Fitzgerald is evidently a proponent of:

Accepted Answer

A)   problem behavior theory.
B)   wellness theory.
C)   tension-reduction theory.
D)   social skills theory.

Question 7

Researchers have located a gene in some alcohol users that alters the function of DRD2,a receptor for:

Accepted Answer

A)   serotonin.
B)   epinephrine.
C)   norepinephrine.
D)   dopamine.

Question 8

The fact that people who are physically dependent on one substance (such as nicotine)are more likely to be addicted to others as well (such as alcohol)provides support for a(n)_______________ model of addiction.

Accepted Answer

A)   social learning
B)   cognitive
C)   evolutionary
D)   reward

Question 9

Drug potentiation refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   the unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using certain drugs.
B)   a state in which use of a drug is required for a person to function normally.
C)   a state of progressively decreasing responsiveness to a frequently used drug.
D)   the effect of one drug to increase the effects of another.

Question 10

The concordance rate for a certain trait refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)   rate of agreement between a pair of twins for that trait.
B)   number of genes involved in determining variation among individuals in the trait.
C)   extent to which variations in the trait among a large group of individuals can be attributed to heredity.
D)   relative influence of environmental and biological factors on the trait.

Question 11

The basic idea behind smoking inoculation programs is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   educate adolescents regarding the dangers of smoking.
B)   use peer models to persuade young persons not to smoke.
C)   teach practical skills in resisting social pressures to smoke.
D)   provide young adolescents with alternatives to smoking.

Question 12

Caffeine is an _____________ that blocks the effects of _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   agonist;adenosine
B)   antagonist;adenosine
C)   agonist;serotonin
D)   antagonist;serotonin

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT presented as evidence that alcohol dependence is genetically influenced?

Accepted Answer

A)   People who abuse alcohol tend to be impulsive and vulnerable to depression,both of which are at least partly genetic in origin.
B)   Adopted children are more susceptible to alcohol dependency if one or both of their biological parents was alcohol-dependent.
C)   Identical twins have twice the concordance rate for alcohol dependency of fraternal twins.
D)   Alcohol abusers are typically unaware that they are dependent on the drug.

Question 14

One difficulty with reward models of addiction is that they are unable to explain why:

Accepted Answer

A)   people begin to experiment with drugs in the first place.
B)   certain drugs induce physical dependence while others do not.
C)   drug use continues even when unpleasant side effects occur.
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

In small doses,alcohol is a _______________;in large doses,it is a _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulant;depressant
B)   depressant;stimulant
C)   hallucinogen;stimulant
D)   depressant;depressant

Question 16

In the United States and much of the world,which of the following is most likely to cause premature death?

Accepted Answer

A)   lack of exercise
B)   an unhealthy diet
C)   an automobile accident
D)   smoking

Question 17

One study reported that adolescents' beliefs regarding their peers' alcohol use and attitudes predicted their own drinking behavior.This finding highlights the importance of _______________ in predicting an individual's use of alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)   alcohol expectancies
B)   behavioral undercontrol
C)   temperament
D)   drug potentiation

Question 18

The counseling treatment that focuses on increasing engagement in valued life activities through guided goal setting is:

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral activation.
B)   inoculation.
C)   CBT.
D)   aversion therapy.

Question 19

As part of his program to quit smoking,Larry was instructed to smoke a cigarette as fast as he could,until he became nauseous.This form of aversion therapy is directed at the person reaching a point of:

Accepted Answer

A)   relapse.
B)   contingency management.
C)   satiation.
D)   nicotine titration.

Question 20

Tobacco,alcohol,and marijuana are often referred to as _______________,because they open the door to experimentation with other more dangerous drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)   teratogens
B)   disinhibitors
C)   gateway drugs
D)   threshold drugs

Exam 9: B: Substance Use, Abuse, and Addiction