Question 1

Carefully study the illustration below to determine the types. of geologic structures. it shows.

Accepted Answer

A)  monocline 
B)  anticline 
C)  reverse fault 
D)  normal fault

Question 2

Large circular downwarped structures are called_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  basins 
B)  anticlines 
C)  domes 
D)  synclines

Question 3

Southwestern North America contains a large area called the Basin and Range province. What is the origin of this name?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ranges are uplifted horst blocks while basins formed as grabens. 
B)  The area is characterized by chains of volcanoes forming ranges next to basins that form valleys. 
C)  Folds have formed by compressional stresses along the plate margin forming ridges ranges. and valleys the basins. of the basin and range province. 
D)  Thrust faulting along the San Andreas fault produces linear ridges, the ranges, with intervening basinal valleys forming fault block mountains.

Question 4

Burial of rocks increases the confining pressure so that deeply buried rocks are more likely to _______than shallow rocks.

Accepted Answer

A)  fold 
B)  fracture 
C)  deform 
D)  shear

Question 5

Orogenesis refers to the formation of______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  accretionary wedges 
B)  mineral deposits 
C)  mountains 
D)  fault planes

Question 6

The Appalachian Mountains may have once been as lofty as the Himalayan- Tibetan Mountain belt is today. Why are they not this high now?

Accepted Answer

A)  They developed a dense crustal root following collision, and isostasy forced them to sink to their present elevation. 
B)  They formed long ago, and erosion has beveled them to their present low elevation. 
C)  Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean converted lithosphere to asthenosphere beneath eastern North America, forcing eastern North America to sink to low elevations. 
D)  The mountains cooled following the collision, which increased the density of the of the rocks by cooling, and isostasy forced the mountains to sink.

Question 7

Granitic batholiths typically form over time intervals of _______ These are normally formed below the surface of the earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  billions of years 
B)  millions of years 
C)  tens of thousands of years 
D)  hundreds of thousands of years

Question 8

The Appalachians and Himalaya are a classic collisional mountain belts yet the elevation of the Appalachians mountains is a tiny fraction of the lofty Himalaya. Why are these two collisional mountain belts so different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Appalachians and Himalaya are a classic...

Question 9

In the interior of continents the earth's crust is typically about 40km thick and the elevation is near sea level. Most earth materials expand when heated, lowering their density. During rifting continental margins are heated but cool as sea floor spreading moves offshore from the continent. Thus, basic isostasy suggests that after rifting, a continental margin will_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  uplift 
B)  remain near sea level 
C)  subside 
D)  rise slowly as erosion removes uplifted rocks

Question 10

In an overturned fold, the beds have rotated _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  more than 90 degrees 
B)  more than 45 degrees 
C)  more than 180 degrees 
D)  100 to 150 degrees

Question 11

Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
 
-In the figure, which of the deformations appears most similar to what might be expected along a transform plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

A)  original 
B)  X 
C)  Y 
D)  Z

Question 12

The Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, and the Teton Mountains of Wyoming, ranges are examples of_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  isostatic uplift of crust over thickened in early Paleozoic time 
B)  folding, compression, and thickening of Paleozoic strata in Jurassic time 
C)  fault blocks uplifted by late Tertiary to Quaternary normal faulting 
D)  uplifted blocks bounded by Quaternary reverse faults

Question 13

A transform fault is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a reverse fault that steepens into a thrust fault 
B)  the rift bounding fault on a mid- ocean ridge 
C)  a dip- slip fault connecting an anticline with a syncline 
D)  a strike- slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates

Question 14

An_______ is a thick accumulation of sediments and small tectonic blocks formed of material scraped off subducting oceanic lithosphere at a convergent margin.

Accepted Answer

A)  accretionary- wedge complex 
B)  subterranean- accumulation complex 
C)  continental shelf, terrain complex 
D)  mass movement complex

Question 15

The term "cordillera" comes from a word meaning _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  spine 
B)  lowland 
C)  opening 
D)  desert

Question 16

The below diagram is an example of what plate tectonic setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  collisional mountain chain 
B)  passive margin 
C)  Andean margin 
D)  island- arc

Question 17

When subjected to a differential stress, a very "brittle" material, like glass, will_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  not bend at all. It will only break 
B)  flow under low to moderate stress conditions 
C)  deform by breaking or elastic bending 
D)  flow or shear if the stress is large enough

Question 18

In the figure below, which occurred first, the folding or the faulting? Briefly explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the figure below, which occurred first,...

Question 19

Use this figure for the following questions:
  The figure above shows a popular area for North American tourists in winter, the Caribbean region. Match the term to the lett the Figure.
-Island arc

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 20

Use this figure for the following questions:
  The figure above is an oblique Google earth image from southwestern North America looking approximately north. The view approximately 50km across. The area is a classic area of normal faulting.
-Topographic basins like the areas labeled B in this figure are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  joint 
B)  horst 
C)  graben 
D)  fracture

Exam 7: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building