Question 1

Masculinity can predict self-efficacy for technological pursuits, regardless of biological sex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In discussing the predictors of hope and its factors of pathways and agency, which of the following statements about ethnic differences is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In Asian-Americans, positive affect was a predictor of agentic thinking. 
B)  In African-Americans, sociability was the strongest predictor of agentic thinking. 
C)  In Latin-Americans, rational problem-solving was not predictive of agentic thinking. 
D)  In European-Americans, life satisfaction was the strongest predictor of agentic thinking.

Question 3

Discuss how past and present orientations to time differ from the viewpoint of U.S. mainstream culture, which is future oriented.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how past and present orientations to...

Question 4

Why was The Life Orientation Test (LOT) revised?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adequate construct validity was not established. 
B)  It measured the same construct as the ASQ. 
C)  People who scored highly on the LOT also scored highly on the HOPE scale. 
D)  It overlapped with the construct of neuroticism.

Question 5

People who have high levels of hope find alternate ways to reach a goal when facing barriers to those goals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The situational perspective suggests examining beliefs and abilities in a non-specific manner.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is true about studies on culture, optimism, and pessimism?

Accepted Answer

A)  African-Americans and Caucasians show similar relationships between optimism and mental health measures. 
B)  Asian-Americans and Asians from China both scored higher in pessimism than Caucasian Americans. 
C)  African-Americans in Asian Americans were similar to each other but different from Caucasian Americans in their measures of optimism. 
D)  Asian-Americans showed higher levels of optimism than Caucasian Americans.

Question 8

White Americans increased problem-solving behaviors while also having high ratings of pessimism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Teaching children pathways as an antecedent of hope reflects what kind of learning in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  cause and effect 
B)  insight 
C)  learned optimism 
D)  operational

Question 10

Learned optimism is useful for explaining negative events in an adaptive manner.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The perception of one's capability to mobilize motivation, cognitive resources, and actions in situations characterized by diversity is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural self-efficacy 
B)  bicultural self-efficacy 
C)  adaptive self-efficacy 
D)  acculturative self-efficacy

Question 12

Hope has been shown to be a predictor of agentic thinking in Asian American individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Self-efficacy for science appears to stem from mastery experiences for male students, and for female students it stems from ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious learning 
B)  cultural experiences 
C)  social connections 
D)  relationship building

Question 14

What is The Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) designed to measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  hope 
B)  self-efficacy 
C)  subjective well-being 
D)  learned optimism

Question 15

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between self-efficacy and psychological health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-efficacy has not been found to be helpful in overcoming abuse. 
B)  Higher self-efficacy has been found to be associated with avoidance behaviors. 
C)  Moderate self-efficacy correlates with happiness and depression depending on culture. 
D)  Lower self-efficacy has been linked with depression.

Question 16

What can be concluded from studies on the cultural differences in rating performance on math?

Accepted Answer

A)  The complexity of culture makes it difficult to understand academic performance. 
B)  Individuals from Eastern cultures continue to have higher self-efficacy even when performing poorly. 
C)  Culture is a factor in both the type of persuasion someone receives and modeling available. 
D)  People from Western cultures have low self-efficacy due to a lack of similar models.

Question 17

What was the Occupational Questionnaire designed to measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  students' mastery of various vocations 
B)  students' preferences for their parents' occupations 
C)  students' ability to hold a part-time job 
D)  students' mastery of various academic subjects

Question 18

Which researcher(s) would define optimism as the stable tendency to believe that good rather than bad things will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diener 
B)  Carver and Scheier 
C)  Snyder 
D)  Seligman and Clark

Question 19

Self-efficacy can play a role in dealing with psychological factors through what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  enablement factors 
B)  social support 
C)  reciprocal determinism 
D)  learned optimism

Question 20

After the revision and further study of the LOT and its factor structure, what discussion has risen about the concept of optimism?

Accepted Answer

A)  How it can be manifested across cultures. 
B)  Whether it should be viewed as a unidimensional or bidimensional characteristic. 
C)  If optimism should be included within the concept of a similar construct. 
D)  Whether optimism can exist alongside depression.

Exam 8: Seeing Our Futures Through Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Hope

Masculinity can predict self-efficacy for technological pursuits, regardless of biological sex.

In discussing the predictors of hope and its factors of pathways and agency, which of the following statements about ethnic differences is true?

Discuss how past and present orientations to time differ from the viewpoint of U.S. mainstream culture, which is future oriented.

Why was The Life Orientation Test (LOT) revised?

People who have high levels of hope find alternate ways to reach a goal when facing barriers to those goals.

The situational perspective suggests examining beliefs and abilities in a non-specific manner.

Which of the following is true about studies on culture, optimism, and pessimism?

White Americans increased problem-solving behaviors while also having high ratings of pessimism.

Teaching children pathways as an antecedent of hope reflects what kind of learning in children?

Learned optimism is useful for explaining negative events in an adaptive manner.

The perception of one's capability to mobilize motivation, cognitive resources, and actions in situations characterized by diversity is referred to as ______.

Hope has been shown to be a predictor of agentic thinking in Asian American individuals.

Self-efficacy for science appears to stem from mastery experiences for male students, and for female students it stems from ______.

What is The Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) designed to measure?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between self-efficacy and psychological health?

What can be concluded from studies on the cultural differences in rating performance on math?

What was the Occupational Questionnaire designed to measure?

Which researcher(s) would define optimism as the stable tendency to believe that good rather than bad things will happen?

Self-efficacy can play a role in dealing with psychological factors through what mechanism?

After the revision and further study of the LOT and its factor structure, what discussion has risen about the concept of optimism?