Question 1

Erika and Kate are reviewing results from their study on Big Five personality traits from East Asia,Africa,Japan,Mexico,the United States,Germany,and France.They find inconsistencies in how women scored on aggressiveness,with women in countries that are more sex/gender segregated scoring higher in aggression compared to those in more egalitarian countries.The researchers concluded that women in less egalitarian countries were more likely to compare themselves to other women,whereas women in more egalitarian countries were likely comparing themselves to both women and men.This finding provides evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  gender socialization is a powerful influence on personality. 
B)  self-reported gender differences in personality traits may be culture-specific. 
C)  less egalitarian countries may be more permissive of women's aggression. 
D)  women in the United States tend to be more agreeable than women in Mexico.

Question 2

Dr.Rodarte,a new professor of engineering at Research University,is preparing for her first lab meeting that will include several doctoral students.Describe how many more male doctoral students Dr.Rodarte should expect in her lab compared to female doctoral students.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Rodarte,a new professor of engineering at Research...

Question 3

Malia was recently awarded 1 million dollars from the National Institutes of Health to study pain at the molecular level.One stipulation of the grant is that she include equal numbers of women and men participants in her sample to test for variance among women and men.This is an example of the ____________ approach to research.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary 
B)  gender neutral 
C)  differences 
D)  similarities

Question 4

Gender differences in sexual behavior are often exaggerated,with reported effect sizes ranging from 0.36 to 0.53.Even with these large effect sizes,gender ________________ is represented by the majority _____________ between scores.

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity;overlap 
B)  similarity;effect size 
C)  difference;overlap 
D)  difference;effect size

Question 5

While there is some support for men showing more physical aggression,much of this can be accounted for by

Accepted Answer

A)  gender socialization. 
B)  biological differences. 
C)  gender role conformity. 
D)  a small number of particularly aggressive men.

Question 6

Karen is a talented undergraduate student majoring in biology.Her professor,Dr.Cedillo,encourages her to apply to medical school because she thinks Karen will make an excellent doctor.However,Karen explains that based on her brother's experiences as a doctor,she believes she'd make a better nurse because they have less responsibility than doctors.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  social role theory 
B)  biological bases of differences 
C)  evolutionary gender differences 
D)  expectancy role value theory

Question 7

What do the terms "categorical" and "dimensional" mean when used in research on differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women categorize everything into lists;men are able to see the complexity in all situations. 
B)  Women are one way and men are another;differences between men and women are a matter of degree. 
C)  Cisgender women and men are one dimensional;transgender people are multidimensional. 
D)  Feminists researchers are uncomfortable with categories and prefer scales that offer multiple dimensions.

Question 8

Imagine you are a university administrator who is trying to improve participation rates for women in STEM.Based on Harvey Mudd College's success,list some of the programs you would want to implement in order to improve participation rates for women in STEM.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine you are a university administrator who...

Question 9

Describe the "file drawer problem" and explain why publishing nonsignificant research findings may be beneficial for advancing psychological science about gender.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the "file drawer problem" and explain...

Question 10

Why do people with high but unstable self-esteem engage in negative behaviors like bullying,sexual experimentation,or drug or alcohol use?

Accepted Answer

A)  to prove they can do whatever they want 
B)  to protect their self-esteem 
C)  because they enjoy taking risks 
D)  because they often suffer from mental health problems

Question 11

The model minority stereotype may seem _____________,but groups who are considered model minorities face __________________ academic,professional,and social pressures.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative;different 
B)  negative;similar 
C)  positive;different 
D)  positive;similar

Question 12

Which of the following most accurately defines stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

A)  When a person thinks their group is stereotyped as doing poorly on a certain task,their anxiety about confirming that stereotype can compromise their performance on that task. 
B)  Whether a person responds positively or negatively to another person is based on stereotypes about the other person's group. 
C)  When a person feels threatened,they rely on stereotypes to make judgements about other people. 
D)  Self-conscious people are more likely to believe stereotypes and feel threatened.

Question 13

Keisha is a feminist psychologist whose research questions test the idea that women and men can be equally good caretakers.She argues that,when girls and boys are similarly socialized to care for others,they are just as likely in adulthood to offer nurturing behaviors to others.Her approach to research on women and men would be considered the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  similarities 
B)  differences 
C)  feminist 
D)  biopsychosocial

Question 14

During a company meeting,the vice presidents Ms.Solis and Mr.Jackson report on the rapid decline in profits over the last year.Ms.Solis raises her voice and pounds her fist on the desk in frustration about the company's leadership not heeding her warning about problematic company practices. Mr.Jackson also raises his voice and slams his files on the table in frustration about unreasonable demands placed on the workers.The employees attending this meeting are likely to see Ms.Solis as _____ and Mr.Jackson as ____ as a result of their emotional responses to declining profits.

Accepted Answer

A)  stressed;emotional 
B)  dangerous;emotional 
C)  emotional;stressed 
D)  aggressive;dangerous

Question 15

Trisha and Seamus are debating whether men are naturally more aggressive than women.Seamus says every man he knows who has taken the Big Five personality assessment has scored higher in aggression compared to the women;Trisha disagrees,and describes women and men lawyers who work at her law firm as equally aggressive.This debate exemplifies which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pen-and-paper personality assessments may differ from behavioral observations. 
B)  Large effect sizes are only captured accurately by pen-and-paper assessments. 
C)  Personality must be assessed in a lab setting to minimize extraneous variables. 
D)  How women and men view the world differently.

Question 16

Even if observed gender differences are consistent across contexts and represent categorical differences among women and men,the _____________ of those differences may not be clear.

Accepted Answer

A)  essentialism 
B)  variance 
C)  source 
D)  generalizability

Question 17

The popular media often use research findings about gender differences to reinforce which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender stereotypes 
B)  biological differences 
C)  how women and men are similar 
D)  feminist psychological science

Question 18

Of all groups of women scientists,_________ scientists are more likely to report that their colleagues expect them to manage the office,including making coffee and providing emotional support to colleagues and students.

Accepted Answer

A)  White 
B)  Asian 
C)  Latinx 
D)  Black

Question 19

Explain why Rhoda Unger argued for the distinction between sex and gender,and why this narrow focus on gender research maintains the status quo.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why Rhoda Unger argued for the...

Question 20

Victoria always earns the highest scores in her college math classes.She notices that,as she progresses through math courses,there are fewer women in her classes,and even fewer women professors.She also knows that women tend to earn higher grades than men in STEM courses,so what would Victoria most likely be wondering after coming to this realization?

Accepted Answer

A)  why women are underrepresented in STEM fields 
B)  why she chose math as her major 
C)  why men don't enroll in other majors 
D)  why women don't try harder in their math classes

Exam 3: Similarities and Differences