Question 1

The general concept of consistency between attitudes and behaviour is important to both self-presentation theory and cognitive dissonance theory. Compare and contrast how these two theories use this concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The general concept of consistency between attitudes...

Question 2

One of the things demonstrated by the study by Zanna and Cooper was

Accepted Answer

A)  an unanticipated reward diminishes intrinsic interest. 
B)  people must properly attribute the arousal caused by cognitive dissonance before their attitudes will change. 
C)  people must be mistaken about the source of their arousal before their attitudes will change. 
D)  None of these choices.

Question 3

Festinger and Carlsmith had experimental participants perform a dull task but paid them to lie by telling a prospective participant that the task had been enjoyable. Results showed that the participants who were paid _____ came to believe the task had been ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  $1; tedious and boring 
B)  $1; interesting and enjoyable 
C)  $20; interesting and enjoyable 
D)  $1; frightening

Question 4

Research on dissonance theory suggests that the attitudes-follow-behaviour effect is strongest when

Accepted Answer

A)  people have some choice in their behaviour. 
B)  the behaviour has undesirable consequences. 
C)  the person feels they should have foreseen the consequences of their behaviour. 
D)  all of these choices.

Question 5

According to the foot-in-the-door principle, if you get someone to agree to a small request, he or she will

Accepted Answer

A)  later comply with a larger request. 
B)  expect you to return the favour later. 
C)  experience reactance and refuse requests for all later favours. 
D)  see himself or herself as altruistic and do similar favours for other people.

Question 6

In dissonance experiments, the attitudes-follow-behaviour effect ____________ when participants ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes stronger; drink alcohol 
B)  becomes stronger; have no choice in their behaviour 
C)  disappears; exercise 
D)  disappears; drink alcohol

Question 7

In 1964, Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Accepted Answer

A)  did not show that attitudes guide behaviour. 
B)  did show that attitudes guide behaviour. 
C)  was irrelevant to the attitude-behaviour relation. 
D)  None of these choices.

Question 8

Which of the following is a component of Peter's attitude toward classical music?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peter believes that listening to classical music raises one's IQ. 
B)  Peter likes the fact that a local radio plays only classical music. 
C)  Peter buys classical music recordings with any extra money he earns. 
D)  All of these choices are part of Peter's attitude toward classical music.

Question 9

Deciding-is-believing causes voters to indicate more esteem and confidence in a candidate

Accepted Answer

A)  long before they vote. 
B)  just before they vote. 
C)  just after they vote. 
D)  just after the results are known.

Question 10

When Laird and colleagues had students frown and contract their facial muscles in their brow, the students reported

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling happy. 
B)  feeling indifferent. 
C)  feeling angry. 
D)  no changes in their feelings.

Question 11

Which of the following is not an effective component of a brainwashing program?

Accepted Answer

A)  Escalating very gradually the demands made of the prisoner 
B)  Offering large bribes for compliance with requests 
C)  Eliciting regular participation from the prisoner rather than allowing him or her to be a passive recipient of propaganda 
D)  Having prisoners write self-criticism or utter public confessions

Question 12

Historians suggest that in Nazi Germany, citizens who were reluctant to support the Nazi regime experienced a profound inconsistency between their private beliefs and

Accepted Answer

A)  running a private business in Germany. 
B)  enrolling their children in German schools. 
C)  reciting the public greeting "Heil Hitler" as a conformist greeting. 
D)  saluting the German flag but not the swastika.

Question 13

Under what conditions is the attitude-follows-behaviour effect the strongest? Describe research examples to support your points.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under what conditions is the attitude-follows-behaviour effect...

Question 14

Mussweiler conducted a study where participants were instructed to move and act like how they believed someone who was obese would move, including wearing extra weights, and then give their impression about a target person. This study found that participants whose movements simulated obesity rated a described target person as

Accepted Answer

A)  having the traits of a stereotyped obese person. 
B)  having traits opposite to those of a stereotyped obese person. 
C)  no differently than the control group who did not simulate these movements. 
D)  more like themselves than having traits of a stereotyped obese person.

Question 15

In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  care. 
B)  connotation. 
C)  cognition. 
D)  concern.

Question 16

Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that we experience _____________ when our beliefs are _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fear; uncertain 
B)  pleasure; inconsistent 
C)  tension; inconsistent 
D)  arousal; consistent

Question 17

The low-ball technique is a strategy for

Accepted Answer

A)  improving one's self-concept. 
B)  measuring a person's attitude. 
C)  reducing physical aggression. 
D)  getting people to agree to something.

Question 18

Studies of the relationship between self-consciousness and attitudes suggest that if you are making a decision and suddenly are induced to feel self-conscious, you will be more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  take action that is consistent with your attitudes. 
B)  take action that is inconsistent with your attitudes. 
C)  momentarily forget and fail to act on your attitudes. 
D)  be more vulnerable to external influences on your attitudes.

Question 19

In 1969 social psychologist Allan Wicker completed a review of dozens of research studies with the conclusion that people's stated attitudes expressed _______ of the variation in their behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A)  very little 
B)  about half 
C)  most 
D)  virtually all

Question 20

Think about Batson's research on moral hypocrisy. Why are people so often moral hypocrites?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think about Batson's research on moral hypocrisy....

Exam 4: Behaviour and Attitudes