Question 1

A process that occurs when genetic variation is lost because of random variation in mating, mortality, fecundity, and inheritance is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  stabilizing selection. 
D)  disruptive selection.

Question 2

Which of the following is a component of macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection 
B)  epistasis 
C)  founder effect 
D)  sympatric speciation

Question 3

Why is polyploid speciation useful to humans?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is polyploid speciation useful to humans?...

Question 4

Which is/are correct about founder effect?
I. Founder effect occurs when individuals are transplanted to a new location.
II. Founder effect produces new alleles.
III. Founder effect may see further reduction in genetic variation.

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II 
E)  I and III

Question 5

Many genetic diseases have severe or lethal effects in the homozygous form, yet alleles for these diseases are not entirely removed by natural selection. Explain how dominance relationships among alleles allow deleterious mutations to remain in a population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many genetic diseases have severe or lethal...

Question 6

Microevolution includes

Accepted Answer

A)  speciation. 
B)  key innovation. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  polyploidy.

Question 7

Based on the phylogeny in the figure, which group is most closely related to the reptiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  lampreys 
B)  lungfishes 
C)  amphibians 
D)  mammals

Question 8

Which of the following types of allele would we expect to have the lowest frequency in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  beneficial recessive allele 
B)  beneficial dominant allele 
C)  harmful recessive allele 
D)  harmful dominant allele

Question 9

What is the term for evolution acting at the level of populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  microevolution 
B)  macroevolution 
C)  speciation 
D)  key innovations

Question 10

The example of the peppered moth in nineteenth-century England showed

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in the gene pool. 
B)  changes in speciation rate. 
C)  changes in the rate of polyploidy. 
D)  results due to genetic drift.

Question 11

Which of the following insights about microevolution is demonstrated by industrial melanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Artificial selection cannot be reversed. 
B)  Microevolution is primarily caused by genetic drift. 
C)  Humans affect the evolution only of domestic animals. 
D)  Microevolution can occur in a very short time.

Question 12

Consider a situation in which overharvesting causes the number of fish in a population to become drastically smaller, which causes genetic variation in that fish to decrease over a few generations. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  bottleneck effect. 
B)  founder effect. 
C)  directional selection. 
D)  recombination.

Question 13

When a parental generation undergoes stabilizing selection, how will the distribution of phenotypes in the population change between the parental generation and their progeny?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mean phenotype increases, but variability decreases. 
B)  Mean phenotype stays the same, but variability decreases. 
C)  Mean phenotype stays the same, but variability increases. 
D)  Mean phenotype and variability both increase.

Question 14

How is the process known as genetic drift different from the process known as the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the process known as genetic...

Question 15

Which is a prediction of the hypothesis that predation caused industrial melanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dark moths seek out dark trees to rest on. 
B)  Birds more frequently capture dark moths on dark trees than those on light trees. 
C)  Birds more frequently capture dark moths on light trees than those on dark trees. 
D)  Industrial pollution led to higher mortality of light moths.

Question 16

Clonal animals do not reshuffle their genes through genetic recombination, whereas sexually reproducing animals do. Explain how this difference could affect how pathogens interact with clonal animals and how they interact with sexually reproducing animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clonal animals do not reshuffle their genes...

Question 17

You conduct an experiment in which you raise six replicated lines of fruit flies for eight generations. You keep population size constant at 20 adults per generation. You are interested in a gene, bw, that affects eye color. This gene has two alleles, bw-1 and bw-2. You start each replicated line with the frequency of the bw-1 allele at 50 percent. Do the data in the graph better match the prediction for the bw alleles evolving by genetic drift or by directional selection? Be sure to define directional selection and genetic drift and describe the prediction of both hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You conduct an experiment in which you...

Question 18

Describe how genetic drift and natural selection can play a role in allopatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how genetic drift and natural selection...

Question 19

An example of the bottleneck effect having a detrimental impact on a species and its inability to evolve against new pathogen strains has been documented in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cheetah. 
B)  white-tailed deer. 
C)  Mexican cavefish. 
D)  greater prairie chicken.

Question 20

Recombination and polyploidy both occur during the process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  disruptive selection. 
B)  meiosis. 
C)  directional selection. 
D)  genetic drift.

Exam 7: Evolution and Adaptation