Question 1

In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine," which leads to extreme

Accepted Answer

A)  motion sickness. 
B)  alienation. 
C)  anomie. 
D)  goal displacement.

Question 2

Reality is shaped by our definitions-but not our perceptions and evaluations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

William I. Thomas wrote from which perspective when observing that people respond not only to the objective features of a person or situation but also to the meaning that person or situation has for them?

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist perspective 
B)  conflict perspective 
C)  interactionist perspective 
D)  feminist perspective

Question 4

Mitchell Duneier studied the social network and social behavior of whom, as a method of researching the effects of social institutions on them?

Accepted Answer

A)  street corner preachers 
B)  female word processors 
C)  warehouse workers 
D)  tollbooth operators

Question 5

Social interaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups. 
B)  the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. 
C)  the ways in which people respond to one another. 
D)  a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a negative consequence of bureaucratization?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Peter principle 
B)  employees deprived of a voice in decision making 
C)  the stifling of initiative and imagination 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 7

Studies have shown that which of the following is true in terms of the use of social networks for job searching and career advancement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Networking pays off more for white men. 
B)  Men are more likely to rely on classified advertisements. 
C)  Networking pays off more for women. 
D)  More female executives use networking than male executives.

Question 8

Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance. At first, the organization functions democratically, but over time it is taken over by three people. These leaders establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization. These developments can be best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  Parkinson's law. 
B)  the Peter principle. 
C)  the iron law of oligarchy. 
D)  the scientific management approach.

Question 9

The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed by which sociological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist perspective 
B)  conflict perspective 
C)  interactionist perspective 
D)  global perspective

Question 10

A society that is primarily concerned with providing services rather than manufacturing goods is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  preindustrial society. 
B)  postindustrial society. 
C)  industrial society. 
D)  postmodern society.

Question 11

Role exit is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity and the re-establishment of an identity in a new role. 
B)  a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person. 
C)  a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise within one social position occupied by an individual. 
D)  a set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position.

Question 12

Daniel Bell views postindustrial societies as consensual, because he believes that postindustrial societies are characterized by interest groups concerned with such national issues as health, education, and the environment working for the common good. Bell's view represents which sociological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist perspective 
B)  conflict perspective 
C)  interactionist perspective 
D)  feminist perspective

Question 13

Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a

Accepted Answer

A)  Gemeinschaft. 
B)  Gesellschaft. 
C)  Gesundheit. 
D)  Glockenspiel.

Question 14

A social network is

Accepted Answer

A)  a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character. 
B)  an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. 
C)  a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. 
D)  the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.

Question 15

Philip Zimbardo's study of a simulated prison environment that used college students as prisoners and prison guards

Accepted Answer

A)  indicated that it is impossible to replicate a "real life" situation in a laboratory. 
B)  demonstrated that a social structure can influence the type of social interactions that occur. 
C)  indicated that social interactions are not influenced by social structure characteristics. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly?

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist perspective 
B)  conflict perspective 
C)  interactionist perspective 
D)  feminist perspective

Question 17

Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easy to change when an individual becomes older. 
B)  It has the same social meaning in every society. 
C)  It is based on an individual's skills. 
D)  It is generally biological in origin, but significant mainly because of the social meanings attached to it within a given culture.

Question 18

A group to which people feel they do not belong is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  social network. 
B)  primary group. 
C)  reference group. 
D)  out-group.

Question 19

The last stage of role exit is the departure or disengagement from a role that has been central to one's identity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

One crucial aspect of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the ability of the dominant group to

Accepted Answer

A)  define a society's values. 
B)  define social reality. 
C)  mold the "definition of the situation." 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Exam 5: Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure

In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine," which leads to extreme

Reality is shaped by our definitions-but not our perceptions and evaluations.

William I. Thomas wrote from which perspective when observing that people respond not only to the objective features of a person or situation but also to the meaning that person or situation has for them?

Mitchell Duneier studied the social network and social behavior of whom, as a method of researching the effects of social institutions on them?

Social interaction is

Which of the following is an example of a negative consequence of bureaucratization?

Studies have shown that which of the following is true in terms of the use of social networks for job searching and career advancement?

The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed by which sociological perspective?

A society that is primarily concerned with providing services rather than manufacturing goods is a(n)

Role exit is defined as

Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a

A social network is

Philip Zimbardo's study of a simulated prison environment that used college students as prisoners and prison guards

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly?

Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct?

A group to which people feel they do not belong is called a(n)

The last stage of role exit is the departure or disengagement from a role that has been central to one's identity.

One crucial aspect of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the ability of the dominant group to