Question 1

Ivan is appraising his team members based on their performances in the last quarter.His appraisal of Otto is based entirely on Otto's poor social skills,and he disregards all of Otto's performance achievements.As a consequence,Otto receives a poor appraisal.Which of the following biases does Ivan have?

Accepted Answer

A)  An anchoring and adjustment bias
B)  A representativeness bias
C)  A halo/horn bias
D)  An adjustment bias C

Question 2

A complicating factor in identifying the need to make a decision is that people often interpret the same event in different ways,depending on the __________ they use.

Accepted Answer

scripts

Question 3

The _____ method of decision making is generally not an ideal approach in organizations that favor rational methods.

Accepted Answer

random or subjective

Question 4

A banker has a gut feeling about a new start-up's potential success and agrees to finance the company.Which decision-making method does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incremental trial-and error method
B)  Rational choice method
C)  Administrative method
D)  Subjective method

Question 5

Which of the following is an advantage of programmed responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  They help decision makers avoid going through all the steps of the decision-making process.
B)  They don't run the risk of being dysfunctional.
C)  They don't need regular review because they are standard.
D)  They are less subject to change over long periods of time and don't run the risk of being obsolete.

Question 6

Kingston is a project manager who appraises his employees based only on their most recent performances and disregards their performance over the entire appraisal period.Based on these characteristics,which of the following biases does Kingston have toward his employees?

Accepted Answer

A)  An anchoring and adjustment bias
B)  A halo/horn bias
C)  A representativeness bias
D)  An availability bias

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the incremental trial-and-error method of decision making?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is inappropriate for pilot testing a decision.
B)  It helps in fine-tuning existing strategies.
C)  It is evident when there is a high level of technical knowledge.
D)  It is found in situations with low levels of agreement on goals.

Question 8

According to Lee Roy Beach's image theory,a decision maker uses a _____ to determine how well a particular alternative fits his or her self-image in terms of values,goals,and plans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Lee Roy Beach's image theory,a...

Question 9

_____ refers to presenting ideas and alternatives in a way that has an influence on the choices that people make.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rationalizing
B)  Cataloguing
C)  Sampling
D)  Framing

Question 10

The sustainable approach to decision making has inherent advantages because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sustainable decision makers tend to look for feedback that will help improve their decisions.
B)  A sustainable approach increases the likelihood of escalation of commitment.
C)  A sustainable approach increases the likelihood of administrative inertia.
D)  Sustainable decision makers are less likely to unlearn.

Question 11

During a decision-making process,when goal consensus is high,the criteria for making the decision are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Agreed upon.
B)  Always unclear.
C)  Always uncertain.
D)  Related exclusively to quality.

Question 12

A(n)_____ refers to a choice that is made among a number of available alternatives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)_____ refers to a choice that is...

Question 13

With regard to subjective effects on employee appraisals,an initial poor impression being weighed too highly in an appraisal is a typical example of a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anchoring and adjustment bias
B)  Halo/horn bias
C)  Representativeness bias
D)  Availability bias

Question 14

Henry's firm has noticed that its employee benefits plan is quite dysfunctional.There is a high level of consensus among all the stakeholders that the plan needs to be replaced.Using several analysis tools,such as analytical models and break-even analysis,Henry and his team are able to come to a decision on the alternate plan to be employed.In this scenario,which of the following methods of decision making was used?

Accepted Answer

A)  The subjective method
B)  The incremental trial-and-error method
C)  The uncertainty choice method
D)  The rational choice method

Question 15

Which of the following best defines satisficing?

Accepted Answer

A)  It refers to an approach that particularly attempts to find the best possible solution available.
B)  It refers to the process of developing alternatives until one that performs adequately on specific criteria is found.
C)  It refers to the process of developing an optimal response to an inadequate problem.
D)  It refers to the process of conducting an exhaustive search for the most suitable alternative solution.

Question 16

The ______________________ has some inherent advantages in overcoming resistance to implementing challenging decisions,and also in overcoming problems associated with the escalation of commitment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______________________ has some inherent advantages in...

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of having incomplete information and a lack of complete goal consensus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Satisficing
B)  Thresholding
C)  Optimization
D)  Flipism

Question 18

Which of the following is true of decision makers following the sustainable approach to OB?

Accepted Answer

A)  They put the needs of other stakeholders on the "backburner."
B)  They adopt a listening posture.
C)  They rely exclusively on criteria within the operating norms of an organization.
D)  They primarily focus on immediate goals rather than long-term goals.

Question 19

With regard to developing alternative responses,which of the following is true of sustainable decision makers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Owing to quantitative differences,they have more responses to choose from,in comparison to conventional decision makers.
B)  Their emphasis is less likely to go beyond maximizing owners' short-term financial well-being,as opposed to conventional decision makers.
C)  They are often presented with improved chances of innovation owing to the greater variety of stakeholders,in comparison to conventional decision makers.
D)  They do not take into consideration stakeholders who seem quite distant from the organization.

Question 20

Change in the government is often extremely slow,including policies such as healthcare or education.This slowness reflects which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administrative inertia
B)  Image theory
C)  Information distortion
D)  Political choice method

Exam 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment