Question 1

The nonscientific belief that the movement of the stars,planets,and sun influence human events is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  astrology.
B)  astronomy.
C)  cartography.
D)  astro-manipulation.
E)  astrophysics. A

Question 2

Those studying the universe used __________ and observation to reach their conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A)  philosophy
B)  Latin
C)  theology
D)  mathematics
E)  history D

Question 3

In Europe,the Scientific Revolution spread most slowly to the __________ because of the success of the Catholic Reformation.

Accepted Answer

A)  West
B)  north
C)  south
D)  British Isles
E)  East E

Question 4

The Index of Forbidden Ideas or Books was used by __________ to control ideas.

Accepted Answer

A)  Jesuits
B)  Lutherans
C)  the papacy
D)  Calvinists
E)  Charles I of England

Question 5

What role did museums and botanical gardens play in the diffusion of new scientific knowledge?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What role did museums and botanical gardens...

Question 6

Why did scientific ideas seem to flourish more easily in Protestant regions than in Catholic ones?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did scientific ideas seem to flourish...

Question 7

The Arabs came into contact with ancient Greek and Roman learning when they conquered the eastern reaches of

Accepted Answer

A)  Greece.
B)  Italy.
C)  Persia.
D)  the Byzantine Empire.
E)  Austria.

Question 8

Galileo Galilei was accused of committing what crime by Pope Urban VIII?

Accepted Answer

A)  heresy
B)  criticizing the pope
C)  promoting the Protestant Reformation in Italy
D)  supporting the views of Copernicus
E)  failing to appear before the Inquisition

Question 9

What was one of the most important reasons that scientific thought was popular in England?

Accepted Answer

A)  James II promoted it.
B)  Censorship was relatively rare.
C)  Scientific experimentation was highly funded by the Catholic Church.
D)  The greatest scientists were not connected to universities.
E)  Political authority was highly centralized.

Question 10

__________ developed a theory of universal gravitation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Newton
B)  Descartes
C)  Galileo
D)  Bruno
E)  Locke

Question 11

Which Russian ruler opened Russia to Western scientific ideas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan III
B)  Ivan IV
C)  Michael of Russia
D)  Peter the Great
E)  the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church

Question 12

Francis Bacon called for the truths of the universe to be discovered through

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of theology.
B)  the study of philosophy.
C)  scientific experimentation.
D)  the study of Galileo Galilei.
E)  strict observation.

Question 13

The center of learning in Europe during the early part of the Scientific Revolution was the

Accepted Answer

A)  University of Padua.
B)  University of Paris.
C)  University of Berlin.
D)  Cambridge University.
E)  Edinboro University.

Question 14

Who concluded that the earth circles the sun instead of the sun circling the earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle
B)  Copernicus
C)  Galen
D)  Bruno
E)  Ptolemy

Question 15

Who was the first person to develop theories about medicine by doing scientific experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Galen
B)  da Vinci
C)  Harvey
D)  Ptolemy
E)  Aristotle

Question 16

The Scientific Revolution is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  Protestantism.
B)  Catholicism.
C)  Judaism.
D)  Jesuits.
E)  the papacy.

Question 17

Whose version of the universe did medieval thinkers believe was correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ptolemy's
B)  Copernicus's
C)  Galileo's
D)  Bruno's
E)  Galen's

Question 18

Deducing a conclusion from a set of premises is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive reasoning.
B)  the scientific method.
C)  Copernican logic.
D)  deductive reasoning.
E)  Newtonian principles.

Question 19

Learned associations and scientific societies formed during the Scientific Revolution to

Accepted Answer

A)  make sure scientific knowledge remained only with those actively working on scientific discoveries.
B)  ensure that scientific knowledge remained only in the upper classes.
C)  ensure royal funding for the scientific community.
D)  protect scientists from the Inquisition.
E)  ensure the spread of scientific knowledge to those who were interested.

Question 20

William Harvey was responsible for explaining

Accepted Answer

A)  that the planets rotated around the sun.
B)  that the universe was infinite.
C)  how blood circulated through the body.
D)  Galen's theory of anatomy.
E)  that bodily humors did not exist.

Exam 8: The New Philosophy of Science