Question 1

A patient researches baroreceptors online.Which information indicates a good understanding? Baroreceptors are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Renal artery
B)   Superior vena cava
C)   Carotid sinus
D)   Circle of Willis C

Question 2

A 65-year-old male is transported to the ER for chest pain.An electrocardiogram reveals a prolonged QRS interval.What is the nurse monitoring when the nurse observes the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram? The QRS complex reflects:

Accepted Answer

A)   Ventricular activity
B)   Pulmonary artery closure
C)   Mitral valve opening
D)   Aortic valve closing A

Question 3

A cardiologist is teaching about the period that follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated.What is the cardiologist describing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Absolute refractory
B)   Hyperpolarization
C)   Resting
D)   Threshold A

Question 4

A new drug is released to aid in weight loss.It stimulates the sympathetic system.The nurse monitors for an increased heart rate.The sympathetic system causes this by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Inhibiting the release of catecholamines
B)   Altering the threshold potential
C)   Decreasing the conduction time through the atrioventricular (AV)  node
D)   Increasing the influx of calcium

Question 5

A 52-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis.She asks the nurse to explain where the infection is.In providing an accurate description,the nurse states that the pericardium is:

Accepted Answer

A)   The outer muscular layer of the heart
B)   The innermost layer of the heart chambers
C)   A membranous sac that encloses the heart
D)   The heart's fibrous skeleton

Question 6

Which information by the nurse indicates a good understanding of depolarization? Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)   A decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions
B)   The rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane
C)   A blockade by calcium ions
D)   Stimuli instigated during the refractory period

Question 7

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

Accepted Answer

A)   C
B)   I
C)   T
D)   M

Question 8

When a staff member asks where venous blood from the coronary circulation drains into,what is the best response by the nurse? The:

Accepted Answer

A)   Superior vena cava
B)   Inferior vena cava
C)   Right atrium
D)   Reft atrium

Question 9

The nurse is reviewing a normal electrocardiogram.The nurse assesses the PR interval because it represents:

Accepted Answer

A)   Atrial depolarization
B)   Ventricular depolarization
C)   Onset of atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity
D)   "Electrical systole" of the ventricles

Question 10

When a patient wants to know about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,what is the nurse's best response? Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II happens in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Lungs
B)   Liver
C)   Kidneys
D)   Heart

Question 11

A 65-year-old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery.As a result of the blockage,blood would first back up into the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Aorta
B)   Left ventricle
C)   Pulmonary veins
D)   Right ventricle

Question 12

Which principle should the nurse remember when planning nursing care for a patient with heart problems? As stated by the Frank-Starling law,there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pressure, duration
B)   Volume, force
C)   Viscosity, force
D)   Viscosity, duration

Question 13

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume.What is the cardiologist measuring?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vascular resistance
B)   Preload
C)   Cardiac output
D)   Ejection fraction

Question 14

Within a normal physiologic range,an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:

Accepted Answer

A)   An increased force of contraction
B)   A decrease in cardiac output
C)   An increase in heart rate
D)   Heart failure

Question 15

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume.Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Preload
B)   Peripheral vascular resistance
C)   Afterload
D)   Ejection fraction
E)   Contractility

Question 16

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Left subclavian artery
B)   Right atrium
C)   Right subclavian vein
D)   Left subclavian vein

Question 17

Which statement indicates the nurse understands coronary ostia? The coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries)are found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Left ventricle
B)   Inferior vena cava
C)   Coronary sinus
D)   Aorta

Question 18

To help a nursing student differentiate cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle,which characteristic should the nurse use? One difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in branching networks.
B)   Skeletal muscle cells have only one nucleus.
C)   Cardiac muscle cells appear striped.
D)   Skeletal muscle cells contain sarcomeres.

Question 19

A 13-year-old female took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system.Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Decreased myocardial contraction
B)   Decreased heart rate
C)   Increased cardiac conduction
D)   Increased intranodal conduction time

Question 20

A 28-year-old female with seizure disorder has a vagus nerve stimulator implanted to help control seizure activity.Which of the following would the nurse also expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased speed of cardiac cycle
B)   Increased cardiac contractility
C)   Decreased vasodilation
D)   Decreased cardiac conduction

Exam 22: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems