Question 1

________ refers to the process of encasing axons with fat cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Myelination 
B)  Lateralization 
C)  Habituation 
D)  Transmission

Question 2

In the Gibsons' ecological view on perceptual development in infancy, objects have ________, which are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  allowances 
B)  aptitudes 
C)  abilities 
D)  affordances

Question 3

Amber, a 4-month-old baby, knows that the form of a dinner plate remains the same whether it is flat on the table or standing in the dish drainer. In the context of perceptual constancy, Amber has most likely developed

Accepted Answer

A)  shape retention. 
B)  depth constancy. 
C)  shape constancy. 
D)  color constancy.

Question 4

The technique of ________ consists of measuring eye movements that follow a moving object and can be used to evaluate an infant's early visual ability.

Accepted Answer

A)  eye-orienting 
B)  spotting 
C)  visual preference 
D)  eye-tracking

Question 5

Most researchers find that babies do not show ________ until the second half of the first year.

Accepted Answer

A)  dishabituation 
B)  explicit memory 
C)  habituation 
D)  implicit memory

Question 6

Melanie, a 4-year-old child, ties her shoelaces on her own and skillfully uses a fork and a spoon. In the context of motor development, which of the following is most likely involved in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  rooting reflexes 
B)  fine motor skills 
C)  moro reflexes 
D)  gross motor skills

Question 7

In the context of fine motor skills, which of the following is true of reaching by infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Initially, infants reach by moving their wrists and coordinating their thumb and forefinger. 
B)  Initially, infants reach by seeing their own hands and then swinging their arms toward an object. 
C)  Cues from muscles, tendons, and joints guide reaching by 4-month-old infants. 
D)  Sight of the limb guides reaching by 4-month-old infants.

Question 8

Infant nighttime waking problems have consistently been linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  parental negligence with regard to sleep-related interactions with the infant. 
B)  extrinsic factors such as high levels of traffic noise. 
C)  intrinsic factors such as an alcoholic mother. 
D)  excessive parental involvement in sleep-related interactions with the infant.

Question 9

The peak of synaptic overproduction in the ________ occurs at about the fourth postnatal month.

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord 
B)  prefrontal cortex 
C)  visual cortex 
D)  parietal lobe

Question 10

The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing, is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to relate and integrate information...

Question 11

Name the theorist who believed that infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. He/she proposed the dynamic systems theory to explain these findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the theorist who believed that infants...

Question 12

When Martha wants to feed her newborn son, she gently brushes her nipple against his cheek and, in the ________ reflex, he turns his head toward the side that was touched and immediately latches onto her breast.

Accepted Answer

A)  Moro 
B)  sucking 
C)  rooting 
D)  grasping

Question 13

Fourteen-year-old Michael Rehbein had the left hemisphere of his brain removed to end uncontrollable seizures. His right hemisphere gradually began to reorganize and take over functions that normally occurred in the brain's left hemisphere. This case study is cited in the chapter in order to demonstrate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain is both flexible and resilient. 
B)  myelination varies in different areas of the brain. 
C)  the effects of deprived environments on the brain are irreversible. 
D)  the brain can adapt and function only when whole.

Question 14

Your ability to see faces and patterns with the right hemisphere of the brain and understand language with the left hemisphere is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your ability to see faces and patterns...

Question 15

List five risk factors associated with an infant dying from SIDS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List five risk factors associated with an...

Question 16

Ingrid is getting ready to leave the hospital with her newborn and asks her doctor about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Her pediatrician suggests several things she can do to reduce the likelihood of SIDS in her infant. List five things that Ingrid can do to reduce the likelihood of SIDS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ingrid is getting ready to leave the...

Question 17

In the context of grasping, which of the following statements is true of infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  At different stages of development, infants use different perceptual systems to coordinate grasping. 
B)  Newborn infants rely greatly on vision to determine how they will grasp an object. 
C)  Experience plays a minor role in reaching and grasping in infants. 
D)  Infants grasp small objects with all of the fingers of one hand or both hands.

Question 18

Name the researcher who carefully observed and documented the development of motor skills in the 1930s. Based on this work, he/she concluded that motor development is entirely due to maturation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the researcher who carefully observed and...

Question 19

From an evolutionary perspective, which of the following is true of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleep plays a minor role in brain plasticity. 
B)  Sleep is essential to clearing out waste in neural tissues. 
C)  Synaptic connections between neurons decrease during sleep. 
D)  Sleep hinders the consolidation of memories.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of the development of posture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postural control is a static process that is linked with sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles. 
B)  Newborn infants can voluntarily control their posture. 
C)  Postural control is required for gross motor skills to develop. 
D)  Locomotion and postural control are independent of each other.

Exam 3: Physical and Cognitive Dvelopment in Infancy