Question 1

When a child is admitted with acute renal failure,a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute renal failure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulonephritis 
B)  Obstruction 
C)  Nephrotic syndrome 
D)  Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) D

Question 2

A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors.A nurse knows the tumors are found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidneys 
B)  Ureters 
C)  Bladder 
D)  Urethra A

Question 3

A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence.His mother indicates that he has never been continent.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nocturnal enuresis 
B)  Diurnal enuresis 
C)  Primary enuresis 
D)  Secondary enuresis C

Question 4

A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain,irritability,malaise,and fever.Tests reveal glomerulonephritis.When the parents ask what could have caused this,how should the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poststreptococcal infection 
B)  Nephropathy 
C)  Nephrotic syndrome 
D)  Potter syndrome

Question 5

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain 
B)  Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites 
C)  Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness 
D)  Gross hematuria, flank pain, and hypertension

Question 6

When a newborn is admitted with urinary tract infections (UTIs),which type of infection will the nurse look for in the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood-borne infections 
B)  Infections caused by bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 
C)  Yeast infections 
D)  Viral infections

Question 7

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries.The nurse will monitor for recurrent:

Accepted Answer

A)  Infections 
B)  Hematuria 
C)  Vomiting 
D)  Enuresis

Question 8

A urologist is discussing nephritic syndrome.Which information should be included? If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease,it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Tertiary 
D)  Idiopathic

Question 9

An infant male experiences a constant dribbling of urine.His urethral opening is located behind the glans.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior epispadias 
B)  Posterior epispadias 
C)  Extrophy of the bladder 
D)  Bladder outlet obstruction

Question 10

A 7-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following should the nurse ask the parents if they or the child has noticed recently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sunken fontanelles 
B)  Vesicular skin rash 
C)  Frothy urine 
D)  Jaundice

Question 11

A newborn female has chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys.When a staff member asks what this condition is called,how should the nurse respond? This condition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal dysplasia 
B)  Renal agenesis 
C)  Hypoplastic kidney 
D)  Renal aplasia

Question 12

A 3-year-old female presents with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs),fever,poor growth and development,and feeding problems.Tests reveal a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters.When giving report to the oncoming shift,the nurse will call this condition:

Accepted Answer

A)  Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) 
B)  Vesicourethral reflux 
C)  Vesicoureteral influx 
D)  Hydronephrosis

Question 13

Upon examination of a male infant,it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis.The nurse will document this condition as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypospadias 
B)  Epispadias 
C)  Hydroureter 
D)  Cryptorchidism

Question 14

A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor.Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cystic disease of the liver 
B)  Aniridia 
C)  Anemia 
D)  Hypothyroidism

Question 15

In addition to a mass,the child with Wilms tumor may also exhibit which assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Abdominal pain 
B)  Enuresis 
C)  Hematuria 
D)  Weight gain 
E)  Fever

Question 16

A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteinuria 
B)  Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 
C)  Hematuria 
D)  Sodium loss

Question 17

A nurse is preparing to teach about renal agenesis.Which information should the nurse include? Infants who have bilateral renal agenesis:

Accepted Answer

A)  Die within 1 year of birth 
B)  Can expect to have a normal, healthy life 
C)  Are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth 
D)  Have structural abnormalities that can be corrected with surgery

Question 18

A 6-year-old male is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces.He was diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux.This condition would be graded:

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 19

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition.The infection was most likely located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone 
B)  Gastrointestinal (GI) tract 
C)  Respiratory tract 
D)  Ear

Question 20

A newborn male dies shortly after birth.Physical examination reveals wide-set eyes,parrot-beak nose,low-set ears,and receding chin.The most likely diagnosis the nurse will see on the chart is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Unilateral renal agenesis 
B)  Potter syndrome 
C)  Renal aplasia 
D)  Renal dysplasia

Exam 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children