Question 1

Interventions designed to help unpopular adolescents improve their social skills have employed which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  explaining to adolescents that they need to develop a thicker psychological skin in order to make friends 
B)  having adolescents wait patiently until another person engages them in conversation 
C)  teaching social skills like self-expression and leadership techniques 
D)  teaching joke-telling skills to improve their likeability among other adolescents

Question 2

Families and peer groups both provide adolescents with psychosocial development, but family time mostly focuses on ________, while time with peers mostly focuses on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  work; leisure 
B)  leisure; work 
C)  external appearances; internal thoughts and feelings 
D)  internal thoughts and feelings; external appearances

Question 3

A group against which an individual compares himself or herself is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a clique. 
B)  a reference group. 
C)  a crowd. 
D)  a youth culture.

Question 4

Keiko, a ninth-grader, was mad at Cherise for spilling juice on Keiko's shirt. Keiko spread a rumor that Cherise had gossiped about her friends. Keiko is using ________ to express her anger toward Cherise.

Accepted Answer

A)  relational aggression 
B)  hostile attributional bias 
C)  aggressive withdrawal 
D)  overt aggression

Question 5

A more sophisticated understanding of social relationships leads adolescents to group individuals into crowds. This is an example of which adolescent transition?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  cognitive 
C)  social 
D)  hereditary

Question 6

In middle school and high school, Carlos was involved in many school plays and musicals. A psychologist would most likely say that being part of the drama crowd was important for Carlos in what way?

Accepted Answer

A)  identity development 
B)  dating opportunities 
C)  occupying his free time 
D)  improvement of relationships with parents

Question 7

Nevaeh and Abigail are seventh graders. Neither is in a popular group, and neither is an outcast. The two girls get along well and voluntarily spend time together in and out of school. Neither has frequent interactions with other students. What would a psychologist call this relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  wannabe 
B)  liaison 
C)  clique 
D)  dyad

Question 8

A(n) ________ is an individual who has few or no links to others in the social network, and a(n) ________ is an individual who interacts with two or more adolescents who are members of cliques but is not part of a clique.

Accepted Answer

A)  liaison; isolate 
B)  hopper; loner 
C)  isolate; liaison 
D)  isolate; mixer

Question 9

Some researchers have tried to teach adolescents to use nonviolent forms of conflict resolution. Are these programs effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, these programs are typically very successful. 
B)  No, such nonviolent behaviors can make adolescents appear weak. 
C)  These programs have produced conflicting findings. 
D)  Yes, but they succeed only in urban neighborhoods with a high proportion of Black adolescents.

Question 10

Justin's parents try extremely hard (almost excessively) to control his choice of friends. What effect is this style of parenting likely to have on Justin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Justin is likely to become a rejected and withdrawn student at school. 
B)  Justin will gain more respect for his parents. 
C)  Justin will be less likely to be involved in drug use and delinquent activity. 
D)  Justin may become closer to the "forbidden" peers.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a universalistic norm in contemporary American society?

Accepted Answer

A)  being taught the concept of majority rule 
B)  learning about customs linked to one's ethnic heritage 
C)  being taught a hobby by a relative 
D)  learning treasured family recipes

Question 12

Which of the following writers suggested that the speed at which society changes affects the socialization of adolescents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Margaret Mead 
B)  Eleanor Maccoby 
C)  Brad Brown 
D)  James Coleman

Question 13

Marji, a 10-year-old preadolescent, is going to enter junior high next year. Based on your knowledge of adolescent development, what can you predict about how Marji's relationships with her friends will change throughout junior high and high school? (HINT: How do childhood peer relations differ from adolescent peer groups?)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marji, a 10-year-old preadolescent, is going to...

Question 14

Who is most likely to have cross-ethnic friendships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Audrey, who attends a large multiethnic school 
B)  Brandy, who attends a school where one ethnic group predominates 
C)  Candice, who is the child of immigrants 
D)  Deborah, who attends a school that separates students into academic tracks

Question 15

Boys who are victims of cyberbullying often report which of the following adjustment problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  conflicts with teachers and other authority figures 
B)  conflicts with parents 
C)  behavioral problems, such as fighting 
D)  emotional problems, such as depression

Question 16

According to the writers who claim a separate youth culture exists, what is its nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has strengthened the authority of adults as young people focus on fun. 
B)  It leads to the development of crews, gangs, and other antisocial behavior. 
C)  It discourages young people from maturing because of the stress on youth. 
D)  Those who belong to it have different attitudes and beliefs than adults do.

Question 17

Online harassment is ________ in-person harassment.

Accepted Answer

A)  as common as 
B)  more common than 
C)  less common than 
D)  less harmful than

Question 18

In early adolescence, ________ friendships are common, but in late adolescence, ________ friendships begin to occur more.

Accepted Answer

A)  same-sex; opposite-sex 
B)  crowd-based; clique-based 
C)  opposite-sex; same-sex 
D)  clique-based; crowd-based

Question 19

The Anytown town council developed a program to curb delinquent behavior among the town's adolescents. The program had an iatrogenic effect, meaning

Accepted Answer

A)  the program was successful and delinquent behavior was reduced. 
B)  the program backfired and delinquent behavior increased. 
C)  there were no effects on delinquent behavior, either positive or negative. 
D)  some problem behaviors increased and others decreased.

Question 20

Which of these is a reason peer groups change from childhood to adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  For most adolescents, social settings become larger and more anonymous. 
B)  For most adolescents, social settings become smaller and more intimate. 
C)  Adolescents tend to seek out people who are noticeably different from themselves. 
D)  Adolescents tend to seek out people who resemble the adolescent's own family members.

Exam 5: Peer Groups