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Essay

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Our genome has numerous identical or similar copies of certain DNA sequences. Some of these are ____1____ ____2______, neighboring duplicated segments that are more than 1 kb in length (and often much larger), and that show more than 90% sequence identity, having duplicated very recently during evolution. Many of our genes are present in multiple copies that are collectively known as ____3_____ ____4_____ (and often contain both functional gene copies and ____5______ ). They arose by a slow process of intermittent gene duplication over sometimes long periods of evolutionary time. Extremely similar gene copies, such as the two human ___6____ - globin genes that make identical proteins, arose by evolutionarily recent gene duplications. More distantly related gene copies generally arose from comparatively ___7___ gene duplications.