Question 1

A research asks people to indicate their zip code (35023, 35214, 35466, etc.). This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 2

A researcher asks people to indicate their area code (408, 510, 415, etc.) This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 3

The only strategy that can be used to minimize the influence of confounding variables is random assignment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A researcher studying gambling behavior finds that people playing bingo will bet more money when they are allowed to choose their bingo cards than when they do not have this choice. In this study, the independent variable is best described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  studying gambling behavior 
B)  amount of money bet 
C)  ability to choose cards 
D)  people playing bingo

Question 5

The dependent variable may be thought of as the ______; the independent variable is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cause; outcome 
B)  goal; the way of achieving the goal 
C)  effect; cause 
D)  beginning; end

Question 6

A recent study of college women hypothesized that "females with higher levels of depressive symptoms will be more likely to engage in casual sex than females with fewer symptoms" (Grello et al, 2006). In this study, the independent variable is best described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  females 
B)  level of depressive symptoms 
C)  likeliness of engaging in casual sex 
D)  fewer symptoms

Question 7

For the variable in my study (Variable 'X'), I can say that someone with a score of 30 has 5 times more 'X' than someone with a score of 6. If so, Variable 'X' is measured at the ______ level of measurement

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 8

A researcher asks people how often they give blood: "Very often," "Often," "Sometimes," "Rarely," and "Almost never." This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 9

"We hypothesized that parents who use more frequent verbal punishment...will report more problem behaviors in their children" (Brenner & Fox, 1998, p. 252). In this study, the dependent variable is best described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  problem behaviors reported 
B)  parents 
C)  children 
D)  use of verbal punishment

Question 10

A research hypothesis may be defined as a statement ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  regarding a spurious relationship between variables 
B)  regarding a general question of interest 
C)  regarding an expected relationship between variables 
D)  developed at the end of a research study

Question 11

Generally, what is the first step in the research process?

Accepted Answer

A)  develop a research hypothesis to be tested 
B)  collect data 
C)  analyze data 
D)  communicating the findings of the study

Question 12

"College students will rate instructors who dress formally . In this study, the dependent variable is best described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  instructors' clothing 
B)  college students 
C)  instructors 
D)  rating of expertise

Question 13

A person conducting research asks customers at a grocery store, "Which is your favorite snack cracker?" This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 14

Random assignment assigns participants to each category of an independent variable in such a way that each participant has a(n) ______ chance of being assigned to each category.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher 
B)  lower 
C)  equal 
D)  confounding

Question 15

A researcher hypothesizes students who work full-time are less likely to graduate than students working part-time. In this study, the independent variableis ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  employment status 
B)  percentage 
C)  students 
D)  full-time employees

Question 16

Drawing a sample from a population, determining how the variables will be measured, and selecting a method by which to collect the data are all part of which step in the research process?

Accepted Answer

A)  develop a research hypothesis to be tested 
B)  collect data 
C)  analyze data 
D)  draw a conclusion regarding the research hypothesis

Question 17

"I hypothesize there is no relationship between vaccinations and autism". What is the main problem with how this research hypothesis is stated?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not directional. 
B)  It does not say which type of statistic should be calculated. 
C)  It does not identify the variables. 
D)  It requires expertise in both medicine and psychology.

Question 18

The relationship between samples and populations may be described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers collect data from populations in order to test hypotheses about samples 
B)  researchers calculate descriptive statistics on populations and inferential statistics on samples 
C)  the larger the sample, the more it resembles the population 
D)  populations are a subset of samples

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the main steps or phases in the scientific method of inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting data 
B)  developing a null hypothesis 
C)  drawing conclusions regarding the research hypothesis 
D)  communicating the findings of the study

Question 20

What type of research design would be used to compare parents who spank and those who do not on their children's aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  quasi-experimental research 
B)  survey research 
C)  observational research 
D)  archival research

Exam 1: Introduction to Statistics

A research asks people to indicate their zip code (35023, 35214, 35466, etc.) . This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

A researcher asks people to indicate their area code (408, 510, 415, etc.) This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

The only strategy that can be used to minimize the influence of confounding variables is random assignment.

A researcher studying gambling behavior finds that people playing bingo will bet more money when they are allowed to choose their bingo cards than when they do not have this choice. In this study, the independent variable is best described as ______.

The dependent variable may be thought of as the ; the independent variable is the .

A recent study of college women hypothesized that "females with higher levels of depressive symptoms will be more likely to engage in casual sex than females with fewer symptoms" (Grello et al, 2006) . In this study, the independent variable is best described as ______.

For the variable in my study (Variable 'X') , I can say that someone with a score of 30 has 5 times more 'X' than someone with a score of 6. If so, Variable 'X' is measured at the ______ level of measurement

A researcher asks people how often they give blood: "Very often," "Often," "Sometimes," "Rarely," and "Almost never." This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

"We hypothesized that parents who use more frequent verbal punishment...will report more problem behaviors in their children" (Brenner & Fox, 1998, p. 252) . In this study, the dependent variable is best described as ______.

A research hypothesis may be defined as a statement ______.

Generally, what is the first step in the research process?

"College students will rate instructors who dress formally . In this study, the dependent variable is best described as ______.

A person conducting research asks customers at a grocery store, "Which is your favorite snack cracker?" This variable may best be described as being measured at the ______ level of measurement.

Random assignment assigns participants to each category of an independent variable in such a way that each participant has a(n) ______ chance of being assigned to each category.

A researcher hypothesizes students who work full-time are less likely to graduate than students working part-time. In this study, the independent variableis ______.

Drawing a sample from a population, determining how the variables will be measured, and selecting a method by which to collect the data are all part of which step in the research process?

"I hypothesize there is no relationship between vaccinations and autism". What is the main problem with how this research hypothesis is stated?

The relationship between samples and populations may be described as ______.

Which of the following is NOT one of the main steps or phases in the scientific method of inquiry?

What type of research design would be used to compare parents who spank and those who do not on their children's aggressive behavior?