A Patient Arrives at the Emergency Department Following a Gunshot

Multiple Choice

A patient arrives at the emergency department following a gunshot wound to the abdomen.He is unresponsive and has cool,clammy skin.Paramedics were unable to initiate a peripheral IV and the patient's abdominal wound is bleeding briskly.The nurse bases emergency interventions on which priority patient problems? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Select all that apply.

A) Decrease in cardiac output
B) Deficit in fluid volume
C) Increased risk for development of shock
D) Breathing problem disturbance
E) Decreased cerebral blood flow