Question 1

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables are manipulated in the study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

In a scatter plot of a correlational study data set, each dot represents ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   one individual's data
B)   one level of a condition
C)   one variable of interest
D)   one scale of measure A

Question 3

Pearson r test is used to determine whether a linear relationship exists between two variables measured on an ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

A causal relationship can be tested using ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational research
B)   experimental research
C)   diagnostic research
D)   analytical research

Question 5

Explain the difference between a descriptive research question and a predictive research question. Provide an example of each type of research question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between a descriptive research...

Question 6

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of ______ relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)   normative
B)   equal
C)   causal
D)   descriptive

Question 7

Correlation equals causation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

How are correlational studies different from quasi-experiments?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are correlational studies different from quasi-experiments?...

Question 9

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, the number of social activities attended per week goes down. This finding represents ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a positive relationship
B)   a negative relationship
C)   no relationship
D)   a flawed study

Question 10

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable is called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive relationship
B)   negative relationship
C)   causal relationship
D)   predictive relationship

Question 11

For a variable to be an independent variable, it must be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   manipulated
B)   held constant
C)   measured by nominal scale
D)   dichotomous

Question 12

At times, correlational studies are the only options because we cannot subject study participants to factors that may negative impact their health for ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   confidentiality reasons
B)   anonymity reasons
C)   ethical reasons
D)   recruitment issues

Question 13

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A correlational study showed that men who had one or more servings of tomatoes a week were 60% less likely to get prostate cancer. This means that tomatoes cause the reduction in cancer rates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A correlational study ______ provide causal information about the relationship between the measures, it can only describe the relationship between the behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)   can
B)   cannot
C)   sometimes
D)   will always

Question 16

In a correlational study, the variable that is used to predict the outcome variable is called the ______ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent
B)   predictor
C)   confounding
D)   third

Question 17

It is ______ that parental influences have a causal relationship with both the number of hours of TV their children watch and their grades.

Accepted Answer

A)   not possible
B)   possible
C)   highly improbable
D)   too hard to tell

Question 18

Explain what a third-variable problem is and give an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what a third-variable problem is and...

Question 19

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from ______ group(s) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   four

Question 20

Important information can be gained from correlational studies about the likelihood of an event based on the relationship with another event, but this relationship may or may not be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   causal
D)   predictive

Exam 11: More About Correlational Studies

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables are manipulated in the study.

In a scatter plot of a correlational study data set, each dot represents ______.

Pearson r test is used to determine whether a linear relationship exists between two variables measured on an ordinal scale.

A causal relationship can be tested using ______.

Explain the difference between a descriptive research question and a predictive research question. Provide an example of each type of research question.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of ______ relationships.

Correlation equals causation.

How are correlational studies different from quasi-experiments?

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, the number of social activities attended per week goes down. This finding represents ______.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable is called a ______.

For a variable to be an independent variable, it must be ______.

At times, correlational studies are the only options because we cannot subject study participants to factors that may negative impact their health for ______.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

A correlational study showed that men who had one or more servings of tomatoes a week were 60% less likely to get prostate cancer. This means that tomatoes cause the reduction in cancer rates.

A correlational study ______ provide causal information about the relationship between the measures, it can only describe the relationship between the behaviors.

In a correlational study, the variable that is used to predict the outcome variable is called the ______ variable.

It is ______ that parental influences have a causal relationship with both the number of hours of TV their children watch and their grades.

Explain what a third-variable problem is and give an example.

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from ______ group(s) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

Important information can be gained from correlational studies about the likelihood of an event based on the relationship with another event, but this relationship may or may not be ______.