Question 1

"You know me," Ritchard said to his friend Jason."I believe that generally speaking you find what you look for.If you look for problems,you will find them.If you look for happiness,you will find it." According to the theory of personal control,Ritchard has a(n)__________ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

A)  stable 
B)  solid 
C)  directable 
D)  internal

Question 2

__________ is the life-story conception of personality that is favored by psychologist Dan McAdams.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychodynamics 
B)  Socialism 
C)  Psychobiography 
D)  Cognitivism

Question 3

Julian Rotter's personal control theory is best categorized as a psychodynamic approach to 	
the understanding of personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The concept of reciprocal __________ is a theory that states that a person's behavior is both influenced by and influences a person's personal factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  determinism 
B)  effect 
C)  socialization 
D)  personification

Question 5

Why is it so difficult to create a truly global measure of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the different languages in different cultures do not always have words that can be translated equivalently and thus there is no way to measure personality uniformly across cultures. 
B)  Because there are fundamental differences in the way Western and non-Western cultures understand personality that are influenced by various cultural factors. 
C)  Because concepts like self-efficacy, unconditional positive regard, and reciprocal determinism have been found to have no statistical validity in any culture outside of the United States of America. 
D)  Because the theories of Sigmund Freud created such a backlash against American personality theorists in the early 1900s that there has been no reconciliation of theories from different cultures.

Question 6

Which of the three interacting systems of the personality is concerned with moral behavior and operating according to standards of right and wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)  The superego id 
B)  The id 
C)  The ego 
D)  The reaction formation

Question 7

The __________ inkblot test presents a series of ambiguous inkblots,and the subject is instructed to say whatever comes to mind when viewing these images.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rotter 
B)  Rorschach 
C)  Adler 
D)  Jungian

Question 8

Which theorist introduced the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Carl Jung 
C)  Karl Menninger 
D)  Alfred Adler

Question 9

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are considered the two founders of the humanistic approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The __________ is the part of the psyche that tries to satisfy a person's basic drives and survival instincts.

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  id

Question 11

Psychologists have concluded that personality is approximately 50% genetic in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In the movie "Girl,Interrupted," Susanna Kaysen was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.In one particularly riveting scene,she gives a dialogue about how she is uncertain who she is,who she wants to be,and where she wants to go with her life.From a humanistic perspective,Susanna is having difficulty determining her __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept 
B)  self theory 
C)  self regard 
D)  self defenses

Question 13

In terms of the five-factor model of personality,an individual who is grouchy and difficult to get along with,who is also stubborn and refuses to try new things would be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  low in extraversion and high on emotional instability 
B)  low on agreeableness and low on extraversion 
C)  low in conscientiousness and low on emotional instability 
D)  low on openness to experience and low on agreeableness

Question 14

Carl Rogers wasn't the only humanistic personality theorist,was he? __________ was also very interested in this theory,and suggested that the quest for self-actualization is what drives many of our behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Abraham Maslow 
B)  Fritz Perls 
C)  Murray Bowen 
D)  Salvadore Minuchin

Question 15

The idiographic approach to studying personality is variable-centered,focusing on finding	
consistent patterns of relationship among individuals' traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Research has found that __________ people tend to cope more effectively with negative events than do people who tend to be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  optimistic; pessimistic 
B)  realistic; unrealistic 
C)  internally oriented; externally oriented 
D)  ambitious; lazy

Question 17

What is the purpose of a defense mechanism from the psychodynamic perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  To make sure that we make rational decisions that are based on reason and logic. 
B)  To make sure that people who are negative and can have a negative effect on our lives are kept outside of our consciousness. 
C)  To keep unpleasant thoughts and motivations in our unconscious mind. 
D)  To keep us from developing psychological pathologies that can cause problems in our lives.

Question 18

The __________ is the part of the psyche that tries to identify the basic drive that the id wants to fulfill and to come up with a realistic plan for satisfying that drive.

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  defense mechanism

Question 19

Which of the following is an accurate limitation of all personality questionnaires?

Accepted Answer

A)  The questions are more difficult for children to answer, and thus they cause us to overpathologize kids. 
B)  The questions tend to be racially biased in favor of white individuals. 
C)  The questions tend to be transparent, so it is possible to present yourself differently than you actually are. 
D)  The questions favor male respondents and handicap female respondents.

Question 20

Which of the three major systems of the personality operates on the pleasure principle,according to the theory of the psychodynamic perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hedonist 
B)  The id 
C)  The ego 
D)  The superego

Exam 16: Personality and Individual Differences

"You know me," Ritchard said to his friend Jason."I believe that generally speaking you find what you look for.If you look for problems,you will find them.If you look for happiness,you will find it." According to the theory of personal control,Ritchard has a(n) __________ locus of control.

__________ is the life-story conception of personality that is favored by psychologist Dan McAdams.

Julian Rotter's personal control theory is best categorized as a psychodynamic approach to the understanding of personality.

The concept of reciprocal __________ is a theory that states that a person's behavior is both influenced by and influences a person's personal factors.

Why is it so difficult to create a truly global measure of personality?

Which of the three interacting systems of the personality is concerned with moral behavior and operating according to standards of right and wrong?

The __________ inkblot test presents a series of ambiguous inkblots,and the subject is instructed to say whatever comes to mind when viewing these images.

Which theorist introduced the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are considered the two founders of the humanistic approach.

The __________ is the part of the psyche that tries to satisfy a person's basic drives and survival instincts.

Psychologists have concluded that personality is approximately 50% genetic in nature.

In terms of the five-factor model of personality,an individual who is grouchy and difficult to get along with,who is also stubborn and refuses to try new things would be described as:

Carl Rogers wasn't the only humanistic personality theorist,was he? __________ was also very interested in this theory,and suggested that the quest for self-actualization is what drives many of our behaviors.

The idiographic approach to studying personality is variable-centered,focusing on finding consistent patterns of relationship among individuals' traits.

Research has found that people tend to cope more effectively with negative events than do people who tend to be .

What is the purpose of a defense mechanism from the psychodynamic perspective?

The __________ is the part of the psyche that tries to identify the basic drive that the id wants to fulfill and to come up with a realistic plan for satisfying that drive.

Which of the following is an accurate limitation of all personality questionnaires?

Which of the three major systems of the personality operates on the pleasure principle,according to the theory of the psychodynamic perspective?