Question 1

Which of the following is true about negative case testing in qualitative content analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does NOT apply to hypothesis testing.
B)  The data should be searched to find all cases that would contradict the original hypothesis.
C)  It is a deductive process.
D)  None of these. B

Question 2

Describe the dangers to keep in mind when using primary sources in historical research.Discuss how you would attempt to protect against these dangers.

Accepted Answer

When using primary sources in historical research, it is important to keep in mind several dangers that can impact the accuracy and reliability of the information. These dangers include bias, limited perspectives, authenticity issues, and the potential for misinformation.

One of the main dangers to keep in mind is bias. Primary sources are often created by individuals with their own perspectives and agendas, which can lead to biased or one-sided accounts of historical events. Additionally, primary sources may only represent the views of a specific group or individual, leading to limited perspectives on a particular event or time period.

Another danger is the authenticity of the primary source. Forged documents or misrepresented artifacts can lead to inaccurate historical interpretations. Additionally, the potential for misinformation in primary sources can also pose a threat to the integrity of historical research.

To protect against these dangers, researchers should critically analyze the primary sources they are using. This can involve cross-referencing multiple sources to corroborate information, evaluating the credibility and expertise of the source, and considering the context in which the primary source was created. Additionally, researchers should be aware of the potential biases and limitations of the sources they are using and take these factors into account when interpreting historical events.

In order to protect against authenticity issues, researchers should verify the provenance of the primary source and assess its reliability. This can involve consulting experts in the field and utilizing advanced techniques such as carbon dating or handwriting analysis for documents.

Overall, the use of primary sources in historical research requires a cautious and critical approach to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information being analyzed. By being aware of the dangers and taking steps to protect against them, researchers can produce more accurate and well-rounded historical interpretations.

Question 3

A danger in working exclusively with secondary sources in historical research is that you may merely repeat the mistakes contained in those sources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about analyzing existing statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Existing statistics in official government documents can be presumed to be highly valid.
B)  Existing statistics in official government documents can be presumed to be highly reliable.
C)  In government agencies existing statistics always can be presumed to have been collected in a careful, systematic fashion.
D)  None of these

Question 5

Professor Perlman was interested in comparing two textbooks to determine whether one used more sexist language than the other.Perlman counted the number of times a gender reference appeared in each book.Perlman was doing

Accepted Answer

A)  latent content coding.
B)  manifest content coding.
C)  quota sampling.
D)  theoretical sampling.

Question 6

The adage that you must walk a mile in another person's shoes before judging the person is similar to which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  verstehen.
B)  foot sense.
C)  ideal types.
D)  all of these.

Question 7

Historical research can involve quantitative as well as qualitative methods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe a study for which content analysis is the appropriate research method.Discuss how you would use manifest and latent coding.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two coding schemes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a study for which content analysis...

Question 9

Describe the dangers to keep in mind when using secondary sources in historical research.Discuss how you would attempt to protect against these dangers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the dangers to keep in mind...

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of secondary analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large chunks of data might be missing.
B)  There might be no variation in a variable that you want to analyze.
C)  Trends over time cannot be assessed.
D)  The variable might have been defined in a way that does not match your definition of that variable.

Question 11

Latent coding has the advantage of tapping underlying meanings,while reliability is an advantage of manifest coding

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Manifest content refers to the meanings contained within communications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Professor Jenner was interested in using Census Bureau data to examine the trend in unemployment rates in the United States.However,Jenner's definition of unemployment did not match the one used by the Census Bureau.Jenner was dealing with the issue of

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability.
B)  validity.
C)  the ecological fallacy.
D)  ideal types.
E)  verstehen.

Question 14

Historical analysis can overlap with content analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Professor Perlman from question 4 found that textbook A contained the word "he" 80 times,whereas textbook B contained it 20 times.In addition,textbook A used the word "chairman" 16 times,whereas textbook B used it only 4 times.Perlman was correct in concluding that

Accepted Answer

A)  textbook A was four times as sexist as textbook B.
B)  textbook B was one-fourth as sexist as textbook A.
C)  the words "he" and "chairman" appeared four times more in textbook A than in textbook B.
D)  all of these.

Question 16

In comparison to coding the manifest content of communication,coding the latent content

Accepted Answer

A)  has a disadvantage in terms of validity.
B)  has an advantage in terms of reliability.
C)  is better designed for tapping the underlying meaning of communications.
D)  has an advantage in terms of specificity.

Question 17

Secondary analysis refers to the analysis of data collected by another researcher for a purpose similar to your research interests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In which of the following analyses is content analysis least likely to be useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  themes in newspaper editorials.
B)  the wording of this exam.
C)  topics covered in class lectures.
D)  the theme of love as discussed in song.
E)  dating patterns among high school seniors.

Question 19

As a mode of observation,content analysis is essentially an operation of coding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Corroboration in historical research is best done using the same type of source,NOT different types of sources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Analyzing Available Records: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

Which of the following is true about negative case testing in qualitative content analysis?

Describe the dangers to keep in mind when using primary sources in historical research.Discuss how you would attempt to protect against these dangers.

A danger in working exclusively with secondary sources in historical research is that you may merely repeat the mistakes contained in those sources.

Which of the following statements is true about analyzing existing statistics?

Professor Perlman was interested in comparing two textbooks to determine whether one used more sexist language than the other.Perlman counted the number of times a gender reference appeared in each book.Perlman was doing

The adage that you must walk a mile in another person's shoes before judging the person is similar to which of the following concepts?

Historical research can involve quantitative as well as qualitative methods.

Describe a study for which content analysis is the appropriate research method.Discuss how you would use manifest and latent coding.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two coding schemes.

Describe the dangers to keep in mind when using secondary sources in historical research.Discuss how you would attempt to protect against these dangers.

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of secondary analysis?

Latent coding has the advantage of tapping underlying meanings,while reliability is an advantage of manifest coding

Manifest content refers to the meanings contained within communications.

Professor Jenner was interested in using Census Bureau data to examine the trend in unemployment rates in the United States.However,Jenner's definition of unemployment did not match the one used by the Census Bureau.Jenner was dealing with the issue of

Historical analysis can overlap with content analysis.

Professor Perlman from question 4 found that textbook A contained the word "he" 80 times,whereas textbook B contained it 20 times.In addition,textbook A used the word "chairman" 16 times,whereas textbook B used it only 4 times.Perlman was correct in concluding that

In comparison to coding the manifest content of communication,coding the latent content

Secondary analysis refers to the analysis of data collected by another researcher for a purpose similar to your research interests.

In which of the following analyses is content analysis least likely to be useful?

As a mode of observation,content analysis is essentially an operation of coding.

Corroboration in historical research is best done using the same type of source,NOT different types of sources.