Question 1

Having a control group enables researchers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses 
B) explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts 
C) compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group 
D) provide specific treatments to participants of the group

Question 2

During a television interview,Dr.Ima Quack provides the following statement."Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr.Quack's statement is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) medical hypothesis 
B) personal observation 
C) intuitive deduction 
D) scare tactic

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) When interpreting results of their studies,researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses. 
B) Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers. 
C) Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings. 
D) Since 1970,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.

Question 4

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Accepted Answer

A) DRN 
B) MD 
C) PhD 
D) RDN

Question 5

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

Accepted Answer

A) Taking an aspirin and resting quietly to relieve a headache 
B) Having surgery and physical therapy to treat a torn tendon 
C) Applying a prescription antibiotic to a wound and wrapping the affected area with sterile gauze to prevent infection 
D) Having psychological counseling and taking St.John's wort to improve mood

Question 6

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease.For 18 months,the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants.According to the study's findings,the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes.This is an example of a(n)_____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) anecdotal 
B) inverse relationship 
C) case-control 
D) prospective

Question 7

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product.The bottom of the ad includes the statement,"Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) testimonial 
B) disclaimer 
C) anecdote 
D) placebo

Question 8

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year study involving 25,000 adults who will follow their usual lifestyles while they participate in the study.One of the main goals of this particular scientific investigation is to determine lifestyle factors that contribute to stomach cancer.Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Accepted Answer

A) Posting significant findings at the main researcher's Internet website 
B) Establishing a place for the subjects to live for the duration of the study 
C) Contacting the local news station to report their findings 
D) Submitting an article describing the results of the study to a peer-reviewed journal

Question 9

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant.One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy,when it is injected into them.Based on this information,Zombia ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because its source is widespread in nature 
B) can be marketed as a dietary supplement,but only if it is promoted as a conventional food item 
C) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement 
D) can be marketed as a dietary supplement because it is from a plant

Question 10

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy,the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average. 
B) When a population's intake of green tea increases,the percentage of lung cancer cases in that population decreases. 
C) When members of a population consume fewer fruits and vegetables,their risk of high blood pressure increases. 
D) When a group of children increases their physical activity levels,the percentage of the children who contract cold infections decreases.

Question 11

Over a 2-year period,a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with excessive weight gain.This study is an example of a(n)____ study.

Accepted Answer

A) prospective 
B) retrospective 
C) case-control 
D) in-vitro

Question 12

A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain.She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks.At the end of the two weeks,the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved,stayed about the same,or worsened during the treatment period.After collecting responses from the people,the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor.Based on this information,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain. 
B) The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects. 
C) The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups. 
D) The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer-review.

Question 13

After examining a patient,a health care practitioner tells the patient that her mild back pain is caused by poor flow of energy from her mind to her back.The practitioner treats the patient with acupuncture,ginseng,and massage therapy.Based on this information,the practitioner's treatments indicate that he relies on ________.

Accepted Answer

A) integrative medicine 
B) alternative health care 
C) placebo-based health care 
D) conventional medicine

Question 14

Emily has brittle fingernails that crack and split easily.Emily's mother advises her daughter to take gelatin pills 3 times/day,because she has heard the practice strengthens fingernails.The mother's nutrition-related advice about the benefit of taking gelatin pills is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) placebo 
B) anecdote 
C) testimonial 
D) hypothesis

Question 15

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) When a population's vitamin D intake decreases,the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases. 
B) When a population's intake of plant foods decreases,the percentage of obese people in that population increases. 
C) When a population's level of physical activity increases,the percentage of people who develop heart disease decreases. 
D) When a population's intake of vitamin A decreases,the percentage of people in the population who develop blindness increases.

Question 16

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of zinc supplements on the human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of people.The pills that do not contain zinc are

Accepted Answer

A) antidotes. 
B) supplements. 
C) probiotics. 
D) placebos.

Question 17

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplements on the adult human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults.The pills that do not contain vitamin D are

Accepted Answer

A) placebos. 
B) interventions. 
C) antidotes. 
D) distractors.

Question 18

Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level,and he recommends the pills to his friends,because he thinks the supplement is helpful.Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an)________.

Accepted Answer

A) subjective bias 
B) introspection 
C) peer review 
D) anecdote

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Physicians and registered dietitian nutritionists do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients. 
B) Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes. 
C) According to the legal definition developed by the FDA,a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism. 
D) People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO.

Question 20

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system.The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people.The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

Accepted Answer

A) supplements. 
B) placebos. 
C) probiotics. 
D) antidotes.

Exam 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information

Having a control group enables researchers to ________.

During a television interview,Dr.Ima Quack provides the following statement."Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr.Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods.If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name,the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product.The bottom of the ad includes the statement,"Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant.One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy,when it is injected into them.Based on this information,Zombia ________.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

Over a 2-year period,a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with excessive weight gain.This study is an example of a(n) ____ study.

Emily has brittle fingernails that crack and split easily.Emily's mother advises her daughter to take gelatin pills 3 times/day,because she has heard the practice strengthens fingernails.The mother's nutrition-related advice about the benefit of taking gelatin pills is an example of a(n) ________.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level,and he recommends the pills to his friends,because he thinks the supplement is helpful.Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an) ________.

Which of the following statements is true?