Question 1

According to the_________________perspective, human social behaviors (like smiling) were maintained in the population because they enhanced the survival and reproduction of our ancestors.

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary
B)   biological
C)   social constructivist
D)   social cognitive A

Question 2

Einon et al. (1994) found that men report having a much larger number of sexual partners than do women. According to your textbook, what is one possible reason for this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A)   It was not a representative sample.
B)   observer bias
C)   social desirability bias
D)   none of the above C

Question 3

The evolutionary perspective concerns itself with_________________ across cultures, whereas the sociocultural perspective is more concerned with_________________across cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)   norms; differences
B)   differences; similarities
C)   social behaviors; group behaviors
D)   similarities; differences D

Question 4

Which of the following perspectives would emphasize most strongly the social motive of attracting and retaining mates?

Accepted Answer

A)   sociocultural
B)   evolutionary
C)   social learning
D)   social cognitive

Question 5

Because evolutionary theorists are interested in general characteristics of our species, they have searched for common patterns in human social behavior around the world. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a pattern found across all human societies, but not in other mammalian species?

Accepted Answer

A)   The male has the dominant role in the family unit.
B)   Both males and females help in raising the children.
C)   Males provide protection for the family while females supply nurturance.
D)   Males and females mate in monogamous relationships rather than polygamous ones.

Question 6

Tanisha is studying which factors lead to virtuous behavior, positive emotions and optimal performance in people and groups. Tanisha's research falls most clearly within the field of

Accepted Answer

A)   personality psychology
B)   health psychology
C)   social neuroscience
D)   positive psychology

Question 7

In a study by Phillip Zimbardo, women were either disguised or in regular clothing with name tags. The amount of shock they administered to another person was then measured. The dependent variable in this experiment was

Accepted Answer

A)   the type of dress the women wore.
B)   whether or not the women wore name tags.
C)   the amount of shock they administered.
D)   the amount of time the women waited before delivering the shock.

Question 8

One fundamental human motive mentioned in the text is the desire to gain and maintain status.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The variable that is measured by the researcher in an experiment is the

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variable.
B)   naturalistic variable.
C)   dependent variable.
D)   random variable.

Question 10

Wilson and Daly (1985) studied police reports of over 500 homicides committed in Detroit in 1972. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a case study.
B)   a naturalistic observation.
C)   an archival study.
D)   a survey.

Question 11

What view of social behavior do the four major perspectives in social psychology have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   Social behavior is goal-oriented.
B)   Social behavior represents an interaction between the person and the situation.
C)   Social behavior is affected by evolved dispositions to act in certain ways.
D)   both A and B

Question 12

In which technique do people report their beliefs, feelings, or behaviors to the researcher?

Accepted Answer

A)   survey
B)   archival method
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   historical analysis

Question 13

The main difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is

Accepted Answer

A)   laboratory experiments are less controlled.
B)   field experiments are more artificial.
C)   field experiments are conducted in a natural setting.
D)   laboratory experiments have better external validity.

Question 14

In which type of study do researchers manipulate one factor while holding others constant?

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational
B)   multivariate
C)   experimental
D)   empirical

Question 15

When every participant in an experiment has an equally likely chance of receiving any one of the treatments, the researcher is using

Accepted Answer

A)   independent assignment.
B)   random assignment.
C)   direct assignment to condition.
D)   systematic assignment.

Question 16

The term_________________refers to an instrument that measures individual differences in abilities, motivations, or behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychological test
B)   assessment tool
C)   individual index
D)   field study

Question 17

Winston wished to discover if there were any commonalities in the victims of serial killers over the last fifty years. The best method for investigating this would be

Accepted Answer

A)   a case study.
B)   a naturalistic observation.
C)   an archival study.
D)   a survey.

Question 18

Define descriptive methods, naturalistic observation, and surveys. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation and surveys.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define descriptive methods, naturalistic observation, and surveys....

Question 19

Validity refers to the consistency of a psychological test's results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The two general tasks of a scientific social psychology are

Accepted Answer

A)   prediction and observation.
B)   observation and evaluation.
C)   ideographic and nomothetic explanation.
D)   description and explanation.

Exam 1: Introduction to Social Psychology

According to the_________________perspective, human social behaviors (like smiling) were maintained in the population because they enhanced the survival and reproduction of our ancestors.

Einon et al. (1994) found that men report having a much larger number of sexual partners than do women. According to your textbook, what is one possible reason for this discrepancy?

The evolutionary perspective concerns itself with_ across cultures, whereas the sociocultural perspective is more concerned with_across cultures.

Which of the following perspectives would emphasize most strongly the social motive of attracting and retaining mates?

Tanisha is studying which factors lead to virtuous behavior, positive emotions and optimal performance in people and groups. Tanisha's research falls most clearly within the field of

In a study by Phillip Zimbardo, women were either disguised or in regular clothing with name tags. The amount of shock they administered to another person was then measured. The dependent variable in this experiment was

One fundamental human motive mentioned in the text is the desire to gain and maintain status.

The variable that is measured by the researcher in an experiment is the

Wilson and Daly (1985) studied police reports of over 500 homicides committed in Detroit in 1972. This is an example of

What view of social behavior do the four major perspectives in social psychology have in common?

In which technique do people report their beliefs, feelings, or behaviors to the researcher?

The main difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is

In which type of study do researchers manipulate one factor while holding others constant?

When every participant in an experiment has an equally likely chance of receiving any one of the treatments, the researcher is using

The term_________________refers to an instrument that measures individual differences in abilities, motivations, or behaviors.

Winston wished to discover if there were any commonalities in the victims of serial killers over the last fifty years. The best method for investigating this would be

Define descriptive methods, naturalistic observation, and surveys. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation and surveys.

Validity refers to the consistency of a psychological test's results.

The two general tasks of a scientific social psychology are