Sandra Is an Intelligent, Enthusiastic, and Hardworking Person

Multiple Choice

Sandra is an intelligent, enthusiastic, and hardworking person. Yet her manager constantly yells at her and micromanages her. Sandra's manager is applying Douglas McGregor's Theory X. Why do you think that he uses this approach?

A) He believes that there is no "one best way" to manage.
B) He believes that workers are lazy, irresponsible, and require constant supervision.
C) He believes that Sandra's needs for self-fulfillment are met by Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
D) He believes that promoting esprit de corps-a unity of interests between employees and management-is important.
E) He believes in management by objective (MBO) .