Research by Leventhal and His Colleagues (1967) Was Described in the Text

Multiple Choice

Research by Leventhal and his colleagues (1967) was described in the text. In the experiment, the researchers showed some smokers a graphic film about lung cancer and gave them a pamphlet with instructions on how to quit; other smokers received either the pamphlet alone, or watched the grisly film. After three months, those smokers who received only the pamphlet with instructions were smoking significantly more than those who both saw the film and received the pamphlet. What is the independent variable of this research?

A) Type of intervention: pamphlet only, movie only, or pamphlet and movie
B) Amount that they smoked
C) Type of participants: smokers, non-smokers
D) Fear they felt while watching the movie