Question 1

The nurse is planning care for a client admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of dehydration.The client's lab values indicate a low level of serum sodium.Based on the assessment finding,the nurse determines that Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance is an appropriate nursing diagnosis.Which medical condition supports this nursing diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Isotonic dehydration 
B) Hydrostatic pressure 
C) Hypotonic dehydration 
D) Osmotic pressure

Question 2

A client in the emergency department is being admitted with a diagnosis of fluid volume deficit.When preparing to assess this client,on which body system should the nurse focus to determine the cause of the imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiovascular 
B) Genitourinary 
C) Gastrointestinal 
D) Musculoskeletal

Question 3

The nurse is providing care to a client who is exhibiting clinical manifestations of a severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance.Based on this data,which of the following orders should the nurse anticipate from the healthcare provider? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Initiate intravenous therapy. 
B) Initiate hypodermoclysis. 
C) Administer antibiotics. 
D) Administer diuretics. 
E) Administer red blood cells.

Question 4

The nurse is planning a seminar to instruct community members on ways to reduce the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Which topics should the nurse include in the seminar? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Avoid eating red meat. 
B) Control blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus. 
C) Adhere to medication regimen to control hypertension. 
D) Participate in regular exercise. 
E) Avoid smoking.

Question 5

What is the principal mineralocorticoid that assists in regulating the body's serum sodium balance?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) Parathyroid hormone 
C) Aldosterone 
D) Progesterone

Question 6

Which laboratory finding suggests that a client is experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI)as a result of glomerular damage?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperkalemia 
B) Proteinuria 
C) Urine specific gravity of 1.010 
D) Moderate anemia

Question 7

An older adult client is admitted to the hospital after a fall.The client is intermittently confused.Based on age and current data,which of the following conditions is the client most at risk for developing?

Accepted Answer

A) Kidney damage 
B) Dehydration 
C) Stroke 
D) Bleeding

Question 8

An older adult client is brought to the emergency department.The client has been experiencing fever,nausea,and vomiting for the past 2 days.The client denies thirst.Urine dipstick indicates a decreased urine specific gravity.Based on this data,which diagnosis should the nurse most anticipate for this client?

Accepted Answer

A) Congestive heart failure 
B) Dehydration 
C) Fluid overload 
D) Normal changes of aging

Question 9

Which medication is used to increase renal blood flow in clients with acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

A) Furosemide (Lasix) 
B) Mannitol (Osmitrol) 
C) Bumetanide (Bumex) 
D) Dopamine (Intropin)

Question 10

A client is admitted to the emergency department for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted 4 days.The client's current weight is 154 pounds.The healthcare provider has diagnosed the client with a viral infection.The nurse has been monitoring intravenous fluids and urine output.Which urinary output would indicate that efforts to rehydrate this client have been successful?

Accepted Answer

A) 40 mL per hour 
B) 20 mL per hour 
C) 25 mL per hour 
D) 30 mL per hour

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with heart failure who is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with acute hypokalemia.Which drug on the client's medication administration record may have contributed to the client's current hypokalemic state?

Accepted Answer

A) Demerol 
B) Cortisol 
C) Hydrochlorothiazide 
D) Skelaxin

Question 12

Which stage of chronic kidney disease is characterized by hypertension,anemia,malnutrition,altered bone metabolism,metabolic acidosis,and a severely decreased glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A) Stage 1 
B) Stage 2 
C) Stage 3 
D) Stage 4

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI).The client asks the nurse,"Are my kidneys failing? Will I need a kidney transplant?" Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "No,don't think that.You're going to be fine." 
B) "In most cases,your condition can be reversed with prompt treatment and usually will not destroy the kidneys." 
C) "Kidney transplantation is highly likely,so it would be a good idea to start talking to your family members about organ donation." 
D) "When the doctor comes to see you,we can talk about whether you will need a transplant."

Question 14

An increase in blood hydrostatic pressure would result in which fluid volume disturbance?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid volume excess,because the pressure would force fluid out through the lymphatic system and into the interstitial compartment. 
B) Fluid volume deficit,because the pressure would force fluid out of the interstitial compartment and into the lymphatic system. 
C) Fluid volume excess,because the pressure would force fluid out through the capillary walls and into the interstitial compartment. 
D) Fluid volume deficit,because the pressure would force fluid out of the interstitial compartment and into the capillaries.

Question 15

The nurse is preparing to administer 20 mEq of potassium chloride to a client who has been vomiting.Which information about the purpose of this medication should the nurse explain to the client?

Accepted Answer

A) It is vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation. 
B) It is needed to maintain skeletal,cardiac,and neuromuscular activity. 
C) It controls and regulates water balance in the body. 
D) It is used to synthesize protein and DNA within the body's cells.

Question 16

A client diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections is seen in the urology clinic.The nurse reviews the client's medical history and determines that the client is at risk for acute kidney injury.Which items in the client's history support this conclusion? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration 
B) Renal calculi 
C) Ineffective wound healing 
D) Low serum albumin 
E) Hypertension

Question 17

Rejection of a donor kidney that begins months to years after transplant surgery and does not respond to increased immunosuppression would be categorized as which type of rejection?

Accepted Answer

A) Acute rejection 
B) Chronic rejection 
C) Delayed rejection 
D) Nonimmune rejection

Question 18

The nurse is concerned that a client diagnosed with a fluid imbalance is at risk for an alteration in perfusion.Which assessment data should indicate to the nurse that the client is not currently experiencing an alteration in perfusion? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Skin turgor 20 seconds 
B) Peripheral pulses present and full 
C) Capillary refill of nail beds 3 seconds 
D) Oriented to person,place,and time 
E) Bowel sounds sluggish in all four quadrants

Question 19

The nurse reviewing lab results on one of her adult clients notices the client's serum sodium level is 150 mg/dL.Based on this data,which interventions should the nurse plan for this client? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Monitor heart rate and rhythm. 
B) Elevate the head of the bed. 
C) Instruct on a low-sodium diet. 
D) Administer diuretics as prescribed. 
E) Administer potassium supplement as prescribed.

Question 20

The nurse is instructing a client diagnosed with heart failure about a prescribed sodium-restricted diet.Which client statement indicates that additional teaching is required?

Accepted Answer

A) "I can use as much salt substitute as I want." 
B) "I have to read the labels on foods to find out the sodium content." 
C) "I have to limit the intake of food with baking soda or baking powder." 
D) "I can use spices and lemon juice to add flavor to food when cooking."

Exam 6: Fluids and Electrolytes