Question 1

The purpose in using a technique is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   facilitate movement.
B)   impress clients with your creativity and skill.
C)   help clients rationalize their feelings.
D)   trigger strong emotions. A

Question 2

Empirical research _________the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)   downplays
B)   exaggerates
C)   consistently supports
D)   inconsistently supports C

Question 3

Therapists have a legal,professional,and ethical obligation to assess whether clients may:

Accepted Answer

A)   become completely healthy mentally within six sessions of treatment,never needing therapy again.
B)   be covered by insurance only.
C)   complete a treatment plan,including their goals for therapy,before the initial assessment.
D)   pose a danger to themselves or others. D

Question 4

The clinical interview serves all of the following purposes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   providing information on a client's presenting problems.
B)   giving glimpses of historical factors that may be contributing to the client's condition.
C)   providing a framework for making a differential diagnosis to determine whether an individual suffers from a particular mental disorder.
D)   providing the actual outcome of treatment.

Question 5

Practitioners who argue AGAINST diagnosis:

Accepted Answer

A)   claim that DSM labels stigmatize people.
B)   are likely to be psychoanalytically oriented therapists.
C)   often work in community mental health centers.
D)   are likely to work for a managed care system.

Question 6

A theoretical orientation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)   a rigid framework that provides specific steps of how to conduct a counseling session.
B)   a set of general guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs to change.
C)   a conceptualization of the intrapsychic structures that dictate a client's behavior.
D)   a set of techniques that can be used to promote behavioral changes.

Question 7

The acronym DSM-5 stands for:

Accepted Answer

A)   Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 5th Edition
B)   Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diseases: 5th Edition
C)   Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Muscle Disorders: 5th Edition
D)   Deviant Syndromes Manual: Treatment and Remediation: 5th Edition

Question 8

Evidence-based practice is often associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive-behavioral approaches because they are the most extensively researched psychotherapies.
B)   psychodynamic therapy because it falls under the category of evidence-based practice.
C)   therapeutic interventions that are not considered "evidence-based practices" and are unethical.
D)   clinical practice that should not be based on the best available research.

Question 9

Feminist therapists have challenged the DSM system and proposed alternatives for making meaningful assessments.Therapists who question the usefulness of traditional diagnosis make all of the following observations,EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because the emphasis is on pathology,deficits,limitations,problems,and symptoms,individuals are not encouraged to find and utilize their strengths,assets,competencies,and abilities.
B)   Diagnosis is typically done by an expert observing a person's behavior and experience from an external viewpoint,without reference to what they mean to the client.
C)   Diagnostic categories can minimize the uniqueness of the client.
D)   It is based on a systemic approach that views the source of distress as being within the entire system rather than on the individual.

Question 10

Contemporary theories of counseling:

Accepted Answer

A)   are grounded on assumptions that are a part of Eastern culture.
B)   emphasize the uniqueness of the individual,self-assertion,and ego strength.
C)   focus on interdependence and losing self in the totality of the cosmos.
D)   emphasizes the social and cultural facts of human existence.

Question 11

Katie has just accepted her first position as a counselor in a community agency.An agency policy requires her to conduct an intake interview with each client,determine a diagnosis,and establish a treatment plan-all in the first session.Once a diagnosis is established,clinicians have a maximum of five more sessions with a given client.What ethical and legal standards are possibly broken?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to assess a client for at least five sessions before diagnosing
B)   Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to carefully assess and accurately diagnose clients before commencing any intervention
C)   Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to forgo diagnosing a client in order to properly treat the problem
D)   Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to pick a diagnosis that fits a criteria in order for insurance reimbursement

Question 12

____________ is based on Western American assumptions (such as individualism and universalism),which limits its usefulness among different cultural groups.

Accepted Answer

A)   The DSM
B)   V-codes
C)   Confidentiality
D)   Informed consent

Question 13

Which of the following statements has NOT been supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Therapy is helpful to the majority of clients.
B)   Most people achieve some change relatively quickly in therapy.
C)   In general,the various therapeutic approaches achieve similar outcomes.
D)   People change more due to specific factors.

Question 14

Practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale is somewhat like:

Accepted Answer

A)   driving a car with a GPS device.
B)   trying to sail a boat without a rudder.
C)   flying a plane without a co-pilot.
D)   taking a train ride.

Question 15

When considering administrating or interpreting testing,in order to increase the likelihood you are practicing in a culturally sensitive manner,it is important to pay attention to all of the following points EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   be familiar with any test you use,preferably taking it yourself first.
B)   know the standards pertaining to testing in your professions' codes of ethics.
C)   select,with your client's help,appropriate tests while keeping in mind cultural issues with testing.
D)   give clients the test scores only,suggesting they look online for results.

Question 16

____________ were developed for a wide range of psychological disorders.Their success ushered in the movement toward empirically supported treatments and evidence-based practice.

Accepted Answer

A)   Family systems therapies
B)   Cognitive therapies
C)   Treatment manuals
D)   Behavioral therapies

Question 17

____________ uses assessment to understand the client's pattern of thinking and to identify self-defeating beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A)   Feminist therapy
B)   Cognitive-behavioral approaches
C)   Behavior therapy
D)   Systemic therapies

Question 18

____________ consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration.

Accepted Answer

A)   Differential diagnosis
B)   Psychological diagnosis
C)   Assessment
D)   Psychometric testing

Question 19

Practitioners who favor the use of diagnostic procedures argue that such procedures enable the therapists to:

Accepted Answer

A)   attach a label to the client,which stigmatizes them.
B)   identify a diagnosis that will follow the client for the rest of their life,possibly keeping them from being accepted by any future insurance company.
C)   identify a particular emotional or behavioral disorder,which helps in designing an appropriate treatment plan.
D)   pick and choose which symptoms truly fit the client's problems in order to create a diagnosis that will be reimbursed by insurance and remain on the client's record for possible future problems.

Question 20

Practitioners must have a clear understanding of ______________ and have a sense of the expected outcomes of their interventions.

Accepted Answer

A)   the creativity behind the techniques they employ
B)   the client's family members
C)   the techniques they use
D)   the client's entire life story

Exam 10: Issues in Theory and Practice