Question 1

What is the term used to describe a mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by a gene?

Accepted Answer

A) nonsense 
B) sensible 
C) point 
D) silent 
E) fragmental

Question 2

Which term represents the process in which the genetic information stored in DNA is read and copied into an mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) replication 
B) translation 
C) transcription 
D) cloning 
E) mutation

Question 3

What type of mutation results in the loss of one or more nucleotides from a DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) omission 
B) deletion 
C) point 
D) silent 
E) fragmental

Question 4

Which term is used to describe the process in which a double stranded DNA molecule unwinds, separates, and each strand serves as a template in the synthesis of its complement?

Accepted Answer

A) cloning 
B) replication 
C) duplication 
D) transcription 
E) mutation

Question 5

What term is used to describe the point at which new deoxyribonucleotides are added to the growing daughter strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A) replication junction 
B) transcription point 
C) replication fork 
D) parental/daughter boundary 
E) addition point

Question 6

The mechanism of DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative.Which of the following best describes what this term indicates with respect to DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A) The daughter DNA strands are formed by complementary, not identical, base pairing. 
B) The daughter DNA strands are formed by both complementary as well as identical base pairing. 
C) The daughter DNA strands produced in DNA replication each contain one strand of the original parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand. 
D) Nucleoside triphosphates as well as nucleoside monophosphates are used to provide the complementary bases. 
E) DNA replication proceeds in both the 3'→5' direction as well as the 5'→3' direction.

Question 7

Where does protein synthesis occur inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) in the cell membrane 
B) at the ribosomes 
C) inside the mitochondria 
D) at the lysosomes 
E) in the nucleus

Question 8

Which of the following molecules carries the genetic information for a protein from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) amino acids 
D) coenzyme A 
E) ATP

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a product of recombinant DNA technology that is used in medicine?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) aspirin 
C) human growth hormone 
D) influenza vaccine 
E) hepatitis B vaccine

Question 10

What key role does the bacterium Thermus aquaticus play in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the source of the four nucleotides needed in PCR. 
B) It serves as the platform on which PCR proceeds. 
C) It provides the heat-stable DNA polymerase used in PCR. 
D) It aids in winding the newly produced DNA molecule with proteins to form a chromosome. 
E) It acts as a buffer to maintain a constant pH in the PCR solution.

Question 11

A DNA fingerprint requires 25-60 DNA strands that are unique to an individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The peptidyl tRNA binding site holds a tRNA molecule bonded to the growing peptide chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

How many turns of the DNA double helix correspond to twenty base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) six 
C) ten 
D) two 
E) twenty

Question 14

DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides.The nucleotides in each of these molecules are joined together by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) complementary base pairing 
B) hydrogen bonding 
C) β-N-glycosidic linkages 
D) 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds 
E) peptide bonds

Question 15

Which of the following is a structural and functional component of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) DNA 
E) ATP

Question 16

What enzyme functions to catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between two fragments of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Thermus aquaticus 
B) DNA phosphatase 
C) DNA ligase 
D) Restriction enzymes 
E) Taq polymerase

Question 17

One strand of the DNA molecule advances in the 3' → 5' direction.In what direction does its complementary strand advance?

Accepted Answer

A) 3' → 5' 
B) N-terminal to C-terminal 
C) 5' → 3' 
D) O-terminal to P-terminal 
E) There is no set direction for the complementary strand; it depends on the organism.

Question 18

All tRNA molecules have a CCA sequence at their 3' ends.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic disease of DNA repair that results in a high incidence of skin cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the term used to describe the relationship between the nucleotide sequences on the two strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) They are enantiomers. 
B) They are cooperative. 
C) They are complementary. 
D) They are mirror images. 
E) They are identical.

Exam 20: Introduction to Molecular Genetics

What is the term used to describe a mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by a gene?

Which term represents the process in which the genetic information stored in DNA is read and copied into an mRNA molecule?

What type of mutation results in the loss of one or more nucleotides from a DNA sequence?

Which term is used to describe the process in which a double stranded DNA molecule unwinds, separates, and each strand serves as a template in the synthesis of its complement?

What term is used to describe the point at which new deoxyribonucleotides are added to the growing daughter strand during DNA replication?

The mechanism of DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative.Which of the following best describes what this term indicates with respect to DNA replication?

Where does protein synthesis occur inside the cell?

Which of the following molecules carries the genetic information for a protein from DNA to the ribosome?

Which of the following is NOT a product of recombinant DNA technology that is used in medicine?

What key role does the bacterium Thermus aquaticus play in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ?

A DNA fingerprint requires 25-60 DNA strands that are unique to an individual.

The peptidyl tRNA binding site holds a tRNA molecule bonded to the growing peptide chain.

How many turns of the DNA double helix correspond to twenty base pairs?

DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides.The nucleotides in each of these molecules are joined together by which of the following?

Which of the following is a structural and functional component of the ribosome?

What enzyme functions to catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between two fragments of DNA?

One strand of the DNA molecule advances in the 3' → 5' direction.In what direction does its complementary strand advance?

All tRNA molecules have a CCA sequence at their 3' ends.

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic disease of DNA repair that results in a high incidence of skin cancer.

What is the term used to describe the relationship between the nucleotide sequences on the two strands of DNA?