Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a "strength of the head"?

Accepted Answer

A)  artistic excellence 
B)  creativity 
C)  critical thinking 
D)  fairness

Question 2

We are MOST likely to commit ethnocentrism when the "real" nature of the situation

Accepted Answer

A)  is difficult to understand. 
B)  directly affects us. 
C)  seems very obvious. 
D)  does not involve us.

Question 3

According to Triandis, ________ societies assume that all persons are essentially equal.

Accepted Answer

A)  vertical 
B)  authoritative 
C)  horizontal 
D)  nomothetic

Question 4

One argument for the universal human condition is that differences between cultural rules for appropriate behavior may mask

Accepted Answer

A)  similar trait structures. 
B)  similar motivations. 
C)  similar pathological conditions. 
D)  similar social structures.

Question 5

David McClelland would argue that a culture that emphasizes children's stories, such as "The Little Engine That Could," has a high need for

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement. 
B)  affiliation. 
C)  appraisal. 
D)  affluence.

Question 6

The United States is a ________ culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  tough 
B)  face 
C)  horizontal collectivist 
D)  dignity

Question 7

Define the newly proposed dimensions of honor, face, and dignity. What conditions are thought to facilitate the development of honor, face, and dignity cultures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the newly proposed dimensions of honor,...

Question 8

The tendency to see members of your own group as very different from one another but the members of groups to which you do not belong as very similar to each other is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  ethnocentric error. 
B)  in-group favoritism bias. 
C)  bicultural contrast error. 
D)  outgroup homogeneity bias.

Question 9

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic.
-Honor

Accepted Answer

A) High sensitivity to threats to reputation 
B) Limited acceptance for those outside cultural norms 
C) Belief that one's value is directly linked to one's own success overcoming obstacles 
D) Belief that the needs of the group outweigh the needs of the individual 
E) Limited availability of goals and the ways to achieve them
F)Belief that people are unique
G)Belief that one's value is unrelated to others' opinions
H)Emphasis on attaining goals
I)Avoidance of social conflict through hierarchy, humility, and harmony
J)Sensitivity to success and failure

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an important reason for identifying cross-cultural differences in experience, personality, and behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The differences provide support for genetic explanations for personality. 
B)  The differences, if not understood, may cause misunderstandings. 
C)  Such differences tell us about variability in human experiences. 
D)  Cross-cultural research informs us about the generalizability of research findings.

Question 11

If less than 2 percent of a country's population exhibits left-handedness, then cross-cultural researchers might say that this is likely a(n) ________ culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  tight 
B)  simple 
C)  collectivist 
D)  loose

Question 12

According to a recent survey, which of these countries had the highest levels of self-compassion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thailand 
B)  Taiwan 
C)  United States 
D)  All three countries had the same average levels of self-compassion.

Question 13

Shannon has lived in Wisconsin her whole life. According to the Rentfrow, Gosling, and Potter (2008) study of geographic variation in personality, which type of person is Shannon likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  friendly and conventional 
B)  temperamental and uninhibited 
C)  relaxed and creative 
D)  extraverted and agreeable

Question 14

The level of individualism in a country tends to increase over time as that country

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes more economically developed. 
B)  increases in population size. 
C)  increases in population density. 
D)  has a more hierarchical social network.

Question 15

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic.
-Face

Accepted Answer

A) High sensitivity to threats to reputation 
B) Limited acceptance for those outside cultural norms 
C) Belief that one's value is directly linked to one's own success overcoming obstacles 
D) Belief that the needs of the group outweigh the needs of the individual 
E) Limited availability of goals and the ways to achieve them
F)Belief that people are unique
G)Belief that one's value is unrelated to others' opinions
H)Emphasis on attaining goals
I)Avoidance of social conflict through hierarchy, humility, and harmony
J)Sensitivity to success and failure

Question 16

According to Triandis, cultures that tolerate very little deviation from cultural norms are high in

Accepted Answer

A)  collectivism. 
B)  agency. 
C)  strictness. 
D)  tightness.

Question 17

The idea that all cultural views are equally valid and that it is ethnocentric to think otherwise is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the semiotic subject fallacy. 
B)  the deconstructionist dodge. 
C)  cultural relativism. 
D)  semiotic pluralism.

Question 18

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)  judge another culture from the point of view of our own. 
B)  see members of groups to which we do not belong as all being alike. 
C)  see members of our own ethnic group as all being very different from one another. 
D)  limit the focus of cross-cultural research by studying one group at a time.

Question 19

Which value would MOST likely be associated with a collectivist culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  liberty 
B)  reciprocity 
C)  rights 
D)  freedom

Question 20

In Triandis's model, the distinctive tasks a culture needs to accomplish and the physical layout and resources of its land are called the culture's

Accepted Answer

A)  ecology. 
B)  complexity. 
C)  socialization processes. 
D)  personality.

Exam 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality