Question 1

The meaningful interpretation of a proximal stimulus is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  percept
B)  sensation
C)  distal stimulus
D)  retinal image A

Question 2

A certain computer can respond to a limited number of voice commands such as "Open file" and "Save data." However,it responds to only its owner's voice,and the owner must take care to pronounce the commands in a very precise manner.A command spoken by a voice of the wrong gender,the wrong accent,or in the wrong tone will not be recognized.This computer probably operates on a system of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  featural analysis
B)  pandemonium
C)  template matching
D)  prototype matching C

Question 3

Why do we consider visual agnosias to be a problem of interpretation of visual information,rather than a problem of vision or of language?

Accepted Answer

People with visual agnosias show that they can see by being able to copy drawings of objects very accurately.They just cannot name what they have drawn.It's not just a language problem,because they also cannot use nonverbal techniques such as pantomiming to show the use of an object.

Question 4

The opposite of the theory of direct perception would be most directly viewed as the ______ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  constructivist
B)  connectionist
C)  feature analysis
D)  template matching

Question 5

Which of the following experiences most resembles visual search tasks like those conducted by Treisman and Gelade?

Accepted Answer

A)  You can just as easily identify a car at a distance as you can a car that is close to you.
B)  It might take you a moment to be able to identify an object that you have blindly grabbed out of a box.
C)  You view objects moving toward the horizon as moving away from you.
D)  Clutter does not make it any more difficult for you to find things by sight in the environment.

Question 6

One problem with template-matching theory is that we would need an impossibly large set of templates in our memories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Of the following,which best represents the perceptual notion of size constancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even as viewing distance and retinal images change,we perceives objects as staying the same size.
B)  Retinal images are always the same size regardless of distance or viewing angle.
C)  We can only perceive objects that fall within a fixed range of sizes.
D)  Our perception of the size of one object will always be superimposed on similar kinds of objects.

Question 8

Researchers attached light bulbs to the shoulders,elbows,wrists,hips,knees,and ankles of a model wearing black clothing.In a dark room,with only the light bulbs visible,______.

Accepted Answer

A)  viewers could recognize the unmoving model as human
B)  viewers could recognize a moving model as human,but couldn't tell what the model was doing
C)  viewers could recognize what a moving model was doing
D)  viewers could recognize the gender of a moving model as well as what the model was doing

Question 9

A letter is easier to perceive in the context of a word.Which of the following models explains that fact by arguing that activation of the relevant node for the word also activates the nodes corresponding to the letters within the word?

Accepted Answer

A)  bottom-up
B)  featural analysis
C)  connectionist
D)  template

Question 10

Gibson's theory of direct perception is in direct opposition to the ______ approach to perception.

Accepted Answer

A)  connectionist
B)  constructivist
C)  bottom-up
D)  Gestalt

Question 11

During an experiment by Reicher (1969),participants were asked to identify whether the letter D had been presented on the screen.Participants would be most likely to respond correctly if they had seen ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the letter "D" presented alone
B)  the word "DOG"
C)  the word "ODG"
D)  the letters "D," "F," and "C" on different lines

Question 12

Expert wine tasters are able to identify not only a cabernet sauvignon,but also the actual year that it was bottled and the vineyard that produced it.This is a good example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptual learning
B)  figure-ground discrimination
C)  bottom-up processing
D)  template matching

Question 13

In a study by Johansson (1973),a model had lights attached to key points of the body.In the dark,participants were only able to determine that the lights represented a person when ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the person was in motion
B)  the person was completely still
C)  the lights were flashing
D)  participants could never identify the lights as a person

Question 14

When scanning words to count the occurrences of the letter "H," in which word would you be most likely to MISS an occurrence of the letter?

Accepted Answer

A)  horse
B)  laugh
C)  the
D)  laughter

Question 15

Context effects provide a problem for top-down theories of perception.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to Gibson's theory,the acts or behaviors permitted by objects,places,and events are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  consequences
B)  functions
C)  affordances
D)  direct processes

Question 17

Which best describes Marr's constructivist approach to perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bottom-up processes are the only way to create perceptions of the world.
B)  Bottom-up processes and top-down processes combine to allow us to perceive the world.
C)  Top-down processes are the only way in which we can understand perceptions of the world.
D)  We do not "perceive" at all,but rather we detect the world as it truly is.

Question 18

The perceiver's expectations guide pattern recognition through top-down processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

According to Biederman's featural analysis theory of perception,just as we have ______ as units of language,we have ______ as units of visual perception.

Accepted Answer

A)  phonemes;geons
B)  sentences;visual memores
C)  words;percepts
D)  echos;icons

Question 20

It is easier to recognize the letter "X" within the word "TEXT" than the letter "X" presented on its own.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

The meaningful interpretation of a proximal stimulus is called the ______.

Why do we consider visual agnosias to be a problem of interpretation of visual information,rather than a problem of vision or of language?

The opposite of the theory of direct perception would be most directly viewed as the ______ approach.

Which of the following experiences most resembles visual search tasks like those conducted by Treisman and Gelade?

One problem with template-matching theory is that we would need an impossibly large set of templates in our memories.

Of the following,which best represents the perceptual notion of size constancy?

Researchers attached light bulbs to the shoulders,elbows,wrists,hips,knees,and ankles of a model wearing black clothing.In a dark room,with only the light bulbs visible,______.

A letter is easier to perceive in the context of a word.Which of the following models explains that fact by arguing that activation of the relevant node for the word also activates the nodes corresponding to the letters within the word?

Gibson's theory of direct perception is in direct opposition to the ______ approach to perception.

During an experiment by Reicher (1969) ,participants were asked to identify whether the letter D had been presented on the screen.Participants would be most likely to respond correctly if they had seen ______.

Expert wine tasters are able to identify not only a cabernet sauvignon,but also the actual year that it was bottled and the vineyard that produced it.This is a good example of ______.

In a study by Johansson (1973) ,a model had lights attached to key points of the body.In the dark,participants were only able to determine that the lights represented a person when ______.

When scanning words to count the occurrences of the letter "H," in which word would you be most likely to MISS an occurrence of the letter?

Context effects provide a problem for top-down theories of perception.

According to Gibson's theory,the acts or behaviors permitted by objects,places,and events are called ______.

Which best describes Marr's constructivist approach to perception?

The perceiver's expectations guide pattern recognition through top-down processes.

According to Biederman's featural analysis theory of perception,just as we have as units of language,we have as units of visual perception.

It is easier to recognize the letter "X" within the word "TEXT" than the letter "X" presented on its own.