Question 1

A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive result is strongly associated with the disease 
B)  Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease 
C)  Positive result is weakly associated with the disease 
D)  Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease A

Question 2

Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as an evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical practice guideline 
B)  Clinical decision rule 
C)  Clinical algorithm 
D)  Clinical recommendation B

Question 3

Which of the following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence-based investigations 
B)  Primary reports of research 
C)  Estimation based on a provider's experience 
D)  Published meta-analyses C

Question 4

Which of the following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision making?

Accepted Answer

A)  An algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article 
B)  Clinical practice guidelines 
C)  Evidence-based research 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

You are using the PQRST approach while completing the history of present illness for a patient complaining of pain. Which of the following questions is relevant to the "P" portion of this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  How would you describe your pain? 
B)  Can you point to the area of most severe pain? 
C)  How has your pain changed since you first noticed it? 
D)  What makes the pain worse or better?

Question 6

Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chief complaint 
B)  Current vital signs 
C)  History of the present illness 
D)  Review of systems

Question 7

While reading an article on hypothyroidism, you find a helpful graphic depiction of the decision-making process recommended by the authors to find a definitive diagnosis. This graphic is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  A clinical prediction tool 
B)  Clinical guidelines 
C)  A decision tree 
D)  A diagnostic finding guide

Question 8

Which type of clinical decision making is most reliable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Analytical I 
B)  Augenblink 
C)  Experiential 
D)  Intuitive

Question 9

If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  A high percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result 
B)  A high percentage of persons without the condition will have inconclusive results 
C)  A low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition 
D)  A low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result

Question 10

If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  A low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result 
B)  A high percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result 
C)  A high percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result 
D)  A low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result

Exam 1: Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: an Overview