Question 1

Which is an example of appetitive conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  flies being shocked in the presence of a particular odor 
B)  rats freezing in response to a tone that predicts a shock 
C)  Pavlov's conditioning of salivation in dogs 
D)  eyeblink conditioning

Question 2

The phenomenon of blocking demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a compound CS cannot be learned. 
B)  a compound US cannot be learned. 
C)  the US must provide nonredundant information. 
D)  the CS must provide nonredundant information.

Question 3

Frank once ate an orange and shortly afterwards he got the flu. Although the orange did not cause Frank to become ill, he no longer likes to eat oranges. What is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling ill from the flu 
B)  feeling ill from the orange 
C)  the virus that caused the flu 
D)  oranges

Question 4

Removing the interpositus nucleus results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  small, poorly timed conditioned responses. 
B)  complete loss of conditioned responses. 
C)  small, poorly timed unconditioned responses. 
D)  complete loss of unconditioned responses.

Question 5

When a more salient cue within a compound acquires more of the share of the attention and learning than the less salient cue, it is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  compound conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  overshadowing. 
D)  aversive conditioning.

Question 6

If a US occurs just as often without the tone as it does in the presence of the tone, then little or no conditioning will accrue to the tone. This would suggest that animals are sensitive to _____ of the potential CS and US.

Accepted Answer

A)  causality 
B)  contingency 
C)  cue-outcome 
D)  frequency

Question 7

The conditioned stimulus elicits the:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 8

Classical conditioning in Aplysia appears to involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term changes in the number of synapses and long-term intracellular changes. 
B)  long-term changes in the number of synapses and short-term intracellular changes. 
C)  short-term changes both in the number of synapses and within the cells. 
D)  long-term changes both in the number of synapses and within the cells.

Question 9

Drug users sometimes experience an elevated reaction to their drug when they take it in a new environment because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  UR is not present to counteract the CR. 
B)  CR is not present to counteract the UR. 
C)  UR has become stronger through repeated exposure. 
D)  UR has become weaker through repeated exposure.

Question 10

Studies of _____ have been enormously important for understanding the biology.

Accepted Answer

A)  Drosophila (fruit flies) 
B)  ornithology (birds) 
C)  ctenocephalides (fleas) 
D)  apiology (bees)

Question 11

For humans performing a category-learning task, Gluck and Bower's neural network model can:

Accepted Answer

A)  account for people's ability to actively focus attention on one feature. 
B)  account for people's ability to shift their attention to different features. 
C)  predict how the timing of presentation of the CS and the US will affect learning. 
D)  predict how often a particular categorization will be made.

Question 12

Explain why the Rescorla-Wagner model is considered to be one of the most influential models of learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why the Rescorla-Wagner model is considered...

Question 13

In Bower and Trabasso's study of blocking in humans, students were trained to categorize geometric figures based on shape. Blocking was demonstrated when the students could:

Accepted Answer

A)  not use a redundant cue to classify a new figure. 
B)  not learn to categorize the figures based on shape. 
C)  use a redundant cue to classify a new figure. 
D)  learn to categorize the figures based on shape.

Question 14

Dionne competes on her high school's track team. She always feels naturally nervous right before a race. She also noticed that, on days when she is not racing, just seeing the track still made her feel nervous. Her nervousness at seeing the track on non-race days is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 15

What is the role of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex? Discuss the evidence that suggests this.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the role of the Purkinje...

Question 16

Every day when Isabelle returns home from work, her son gives her a big hug as soon as she walks through the front door. Now, the sight of the front door makes Isabelle feel happy. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Isabelle's son. 
B)  the front door. 
C)  a big hug. 
D)  Isabelle.

Question 17

Suppose a child in the hospital gets injections from the nurses, and the child eventually learns to cry as soon as a nurse walks into her room. What is the conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  crying when getting a shot 
B)  crying when the nurse comes in 
C)  fear of the nurse 
D)  fear of the shot

Question 18

Which statement is TRUE regarding the Rescorla-Wagner model?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides a good account of learning in the hippocampus but not in the cerebellum. 
B)  It provides a good account of learning in the cerebellum but not in the hippocampus. 
C)  It provides a good account of learning in the cerebellum and in the hippocampus. 
D)  It does not provide a good account of learning in either the cerebellum or in the hippocampus.

Question 19

Which statement is suggested by the Rescorla-Wagner model?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the CS predicts the US and the expected US occurs, the association between the CS and the US is increased. 
B)  When the CS predicts nothing and an unexpected US occurs, no learning occurs. 
C)  When the CS predicts the US and the expected US does not occur, no learning occurs. 
D)  When the CS predicts the US and the expected US does not occur, the association between the CS and the US is decreased.

Question 20

Suppose a parent loves jazz music. Describe how she could use classical conditioning principles to increase the likelihood that her child will also like jazz music. Be sure to identify the CS, US, CR, and UR in the description.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose a parent loves jazz music. Describe...

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events