Question 1

Geologic maps are used to depict

Accepted Answer

A) the strike and dip of the rock units at Earth's surface. 
B) the rock formations exposed on Earth's surface. 
C) the orientation of geologic structures that deform rocks exposed at Earth's surface. 
D) all of the above

Question 2

The difference between a fault and a joint is that

Accepted Answer

A) faults cut through more than one layer of rock,whereas joints cut through only one layer. 
B) faults cut through bedrock,whereas joints cut only the upper sedimentary layers. 
C) rocks on either side of a fault have moved,whereas rocks on either side of a joint have remained stationary. 
D) faults form straight lines in map view,whereas joints form zigzag lines.

Question 3

The San Andreas fault is a result of what type of forces?

Accepted Answer

A) compressive forces 
B) tensional forces 
C) shearing forces 
D) all of the above

Question 4

An oblique-slip fault suggests

Accepted Answer

A) compressive forces only. 
B) shear forces only. 
C) tensional forces only. 
D) shear forces combined with compressive or tensional forces.

Question 5

During continental tensional tectonics,crustal blocks tend to lean backward due to the development of _____ faults.

Accepted Answer

A) thrust 
B) listric 
C) shear 
D) reverse

Question 6

Which of the following maps shows the most detail?

Accepted Answer

A) scale 1:100 
B) scale 1:1000 
C) scale 1:24,000 
D) scale 1:1,000,000

Question 7

In a normal fault the hanging wall is formed on the side that moves

Accepted Answer

A) up dip. 
B) down dip. 
C) to the right of the strike. 
D) to the left of the strike.

Question 8

What type of tectonic forces formed the Keystone thrust fault in southern Nevada?

Accepted Answer

A) compressive forces 
B) tensional forces 
C) shearing forces 
D) all of the above

Question 9

A mass of rock exposed at Earth's surface is called

Accepted Answer

A) crust. 
B) bedrock. 
C) outcrop. 
D) exposure.

Question 10

What basic source reveals the geometry of rock formations?

Accepted Answer

A) the geologic map 
B) strike 
C) the outcrop 
D) dip

Question 11

Faults and folds can range in scale from centimeters to

Accepted Answer

A) a few meters. 
B) tens of meters. 
C) a few kilometers. 
D) tens of kilometers or more.

Question 12

An overturned fold is characterized by two limbs

Accepted Answer

A) at right angles to each other. 
B) dipping in the same direction,with one limb tilted beyond vertical. 
C) dipping steeply in opposite directions. 
D) dipping gently in opposite directions.

Question 13

When the axial plane of a fold is tilted beyond the vertical,it's called a(n)_____ fold.

Accepted Answer

A) nonvertical 
B) horizontal 
C) plunging 
D) overturned

Question 14

The great San Andreas fault is an excellent example of

Accepted Answer

A) a fold and thrust belt. 
B) an overthrust. 
C) a megathrust. 
D) shearing tectonics.

Question 15

Which of the following does not affect rock behavior in regards to deformation?

Accepted Answer

A) rock type 
B) temperature 
C) speed 
D) deformation style

Question 16

The geologic history of an area is reconstructed using

Accepted Answer

A) geologic mapping. 
B) geologic cross sections. 
C) deduction of the deformation history. 
D) geologic positioning.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about rock deformation is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Deep crustal rocks are more likely to deform ductilely than shallow crustal rocks. 
B) Hotter rocks are more likely to deform ductilely than cooler rocks. 
C) Most sedimentary rocks are more deformable than igneous rocks. 
D) Rocks under low surrounding pressure are more likely to deform ductilely than rocks under high surrounding pressure.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about synclines is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The oldest rocks occur in the center and the limbs dip toward the center. 
B) The oldest rocks occur in the center and the limbs dip away from the center. 
C) The youngest rocks occur in the center and the limbs dip toward the center. 
D) The youngest rocks occur in the center and the limbs dip away from the center.

Question 19

What is the main difference between a normal listric and normal fault?

Accepted Answer

A) the former is compressive and the latter is extensional 
B) the fault blocks across the fault plane move in opposite directions 
C) the fault plane for the former is curved but straight for the latter 
D) the fault plane for the former is straight and the latter is curved

Question 20

The dip of a unit represents the

Accepted Answer

A) angle at which the bed inclines from the horizontal. 
B) direction of intersection of the rock layer and a horizontal surface. 
C) part of the unit that has been eroded. 
D) tilt of the rock unit before deformation.

Exam 7: Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing