Question 1

Introductory psychology textbooks never leave out the name Wilhelm Wundt.Describe who Wundt was and explain why his accomplishments were important to the discipline of psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Introductory psychology textbooks never leave out the...

Question 2

An extensive study of a single person or a few people is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-report. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  the scientific method. 
D)  an experiment.

Question 3

Dr.Leleux believes that psychologists should focus on identifying the basic elements of mental experience.Dr.Leleux's beliefs are most closely matched with the school of thought called

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalism. 
B)  behaviorism. 
C)  structuralism. 
D)  Gestalt theory.

Question 4

Which statement best captures historical trends in cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Before the 1980s,cognitive psychology emphasized the mind;today,it focuses mostly on behavior. 
B)  Before the 1980s,cognitive psychology emphasized the mind;today,it focuses mainly on the brain. 
C)  Before the 1980s,cognitive psychology emphasized the brain;today,it focuses on the mind along with the brain. 
D)  Before the 1980s,cognitive psychology emphasized the mind;today,it focuses on both the mind and the brain.

Question 5

Danielle is using self-report surveys to determine how many people in her neighborhood experienced depression during childhood.What might be some advantages and disadvantages to her using surveys for this study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Danielle is using self-report surveys to determine...

Question 6

When a researcher manipulates a variable to see what effect the manipulation has on another variable,the research design is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational study. 
B)  experiment. 
C)  observational study. 
D)  case study.

Question 7

In the nature/nurture debate,the term nature refers to the question of how ________ factors affect the mind,brain,and behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  environmental 
C)  either biological or environmental 
D)  conscious or unconscious

Question 8

George is looking for a research project.To get started,he could make use of an existing theory because

Accepted Answer

A)  theories are shown to be true,so subsequent research is successful. 
B)  one of the benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses. 
C)  a theory can be successfully replicated by researchers. 
D)  theories lead to successful research.

Question 9

Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  the structures of the mind. 
B)  the adaptive purposes of the mind and behavior. 
C)  how unconscious conflicts can lead to mental disorders. 
D)  how the presence of others influences behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following sampling techniques gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected to participate?

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling 
B)  convenience sampling 
C)  random assignment 
D)  a case study

Question 11

The variable that a researcher measures in an experiment is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable. 
B)  dependent variable. 
C)  experimental group. 
D)  control group.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes how psychology is useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Much of psychology is just common sense. 
B)  Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life. 
C)  Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life. 
D)  Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life.

Question 13

Early psychologists and philosophers have debated whether a person's thought and actions were primarily due to nature or nurture.This debate is no longer a focus of psychology because

Accepted Answer

A)  the debate has been resolved: how a person thinks and acts is primarily due to nature. 
B)  the debate has been resolved: how a person thinks and acts is primarily due to nurture. 
C)  psychologists now realize that both nature and nurture influence psychological traits. 
D)  psychologists now realize that neither nature nor nurture influence psychological traits.

Question 14

Why are schools of thought in psychology less important today?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychology has fully explained human behavior and mental activity. 
B)  Mental activity and behavior must be examined from many different perspectives. 
C)  All of the schools of thought were equally correct. 
D)  None of the schools of thought was correct.

Question 15

Psychologists work in many settings.Which are the two main areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  business and government 
B)  health care settings and private practice 
C)  government and private practice 
D)  universities and health care settings

Question 16

Bai is conducting a study on learning.When she manipulates an independent variable,it is possible that some other factor,such as noise in the hall,can affect learning in one of the groups but not in the other.This possibility reflects the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  a confound. 
B)  a dependent variable. 
C)  selection bias. 
D)  random assignment.

Question 17

How did the ancient Greeks and Romans know that the brain was the part of the body essential for normal functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  They performed carefully controlled experiments similar to those conducted by modern scientists. 
B)  They assumed the brain was important based on knowledge passed down from earlier civilizations. 
C)  They observed that people who had suffered blows to the head often lost consciousness or had behavioral changes. 
D)  They assumed that the heart was the center of the body responsible for normal functioning.

Question 18

A psychologist wants to create two groups that are as similar as possible at the beginning of an experiment.To do this,the psychologist should use

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  self-report methods. 
D)  participant observation.

Question 19

You are confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing the following bumper sticker on his car:

Accepted Answer

A)  "Show me the evidence!" 
B)  "The only truth is no truth." 
C)  "Trust your gut!" 
D)  "What is the meaning of life?"

Question 20

Freddy and Mary Anne are having a disagreement about the nature/nurture debate.Freddy correctly says,"Actually,the 'nature' portion of the debate refers to how a person thinks and acts and is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  early education." 
B)  inborn influences." 
C)  prenatal experiences." 
D)  cultural norms."

Exam 1: Introducing the World of Psychology