Question 1

The Acme Chemical Company has some employees who work in a production plant and some who work in a sales office.The plant workers get paid every Friday;however,the office
Workers get paid for every fifth sale they make.The plant workers are paid on a ________
Schedule,whereas the office workers are paid on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio;variable interval 
B)  fixed interval;fixed ratio 
C)  variable ratio;fixed interval 
D)  variable interval;variable ratio

Question 2

Mason has spent many hours studying the exact order of the first hundred digits of number pi,which has resulted in strengthened synaptic connections in his brain.Mason's ability to learn the numbers is most likely a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious conditioning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  long-term potentiation. 
D)  modeling.

Question 3

Michael is observing the people in his dorm and listing any behaviors that indicate learning. Which of the following should be included on Michael's list?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dan,who bumps into a door when he has the flu 
B)  Bill,who sometimes falls asleep while watching TV 
C)  Greg,who often whines until someone goes to the dining hall with him 
D)  Matt,who always forgets his keys in his room

Question 4

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to
Speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive punishment. 
D)  negative punishment.

Question 5

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and observes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction,they repeat those behaviors.Derek's observations
Are most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  the cognitive model of learning. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  counterconditioning. 
D)  shaping.

Question 6

Your roommate drives you crazy because every morning she hits the snooze button on her alarm clock three times before she gets out of bed.
A) Describe the two types of reinforcement and the two types of punishment.Explain how they influence the likelihood of a behavior occurring later.
B) Give an example of each type of reinforcement and punishment.
C) Choose one type of reinforcement and one type of punishment and explain how you could use them to modify your roommate's annoying behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your roommate drives you crazy because every...

Question 7

The gray wolves of the Northern Rocky Mountain region vomited after eating poisoned sheep meat.The wolves formed the association of feeling ill with preying on sheep.In this example,
Feeling ill is the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned stimulus.

Question 8

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her,so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting.The next time her brother does not share his toys,Rosy hits him.
Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

Accepted Answer

A)  the punishment led to Rosy having negative emotions. 
B)  physical punishment is more effective. 
C)  the punishment was unreasonable. 
D)  the punishment did not tell Rosy how to improve.

Question 9

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the most nectar.The hummingbirds are
Being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  variable interval

Question 10

A main outcome of Ivan Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  when it elicits an innate response. 
B)  with the presence of punishment. 
C)  after pairing it with a stimulus that triggers a reflexive response. 
D)  simply by observing that stimulus.

Question 11

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 12

Last year,Martina was in love with Robert,but they broke up a few months ago.Today in the mall,Martina smells someone wearing the same cologne that Robert always wore.She is immediately filled with positive feelings,which is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  second-order conditioning. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 13

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal.To do this, it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel No 5.If Brad Pitt
Elicits an innate response from you,he is being used as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 14

A conditioned stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A)  an unlearned reaction. 
B)  something that causes a response after learning takes place. 
C)  something that causes a response without learning. 
D)  a reflexive,natural reaction.

Question 15

George is traveling to visit his friend Ryan in a neighboring town but has to take a detour due to road construction.At first George feels lost,but then he notices a sign for Madison Street
And immediately knows where he is and how to navigate to Ryan's house.In this situation,
George has reached Ryan's by using

Accepted Answer

A)  a cognitive map. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  positive punishment.

Question 16

Jess always feels hungry at 7:00 PM.Maggie,Jess's roommate,decides to play a particular song for Jess at 6:59 PM for several nights in a row.One night,Maggie plays the song at 5:30 PM and Jess says,"Huh ...I suddenly feel hungry." In this situation,classical conditioning occurred because

Accepted Answer

A)  Maggie presents dinner before playing the song for Jess. 
B)  the song naturally causes Jess's stomach to growl. 
C)  Maggie paired a neutral stimulus,a song,with an unconditioned stimulus,a certain time of day,when Jess always felt hungry. 
D)  Maggie plays the song when Jess first arrives home and then waits an hour to serve dinner.

Question 17

Irina,who is three years old,was watching her father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood.If Irina learns how to hammer wood together after this experience,it is most likely the
Result of

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  vicarious conditioning.

Question 18

At lunch one day,a spider walks onto your table.It looks just like the one that bit you last year and made you very sick.You immediately start to panic,which in this situation is most
Likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 19

Antonio has a fear of heights.He is consulting with a therapist so that he can take a trip to visit his cousin,who lives in Europe.
A) What is systematic desensitization?
B) How is systematic desensitization different from counterconditioning?
C) What is the most important feature of systematic desensitization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antonio has a fear of heights.He is...

Question 20

Simon's dog urinates in the house while he is at work.When he gets home and sees the mess, he rubs his dog's nose in it and yells,"Bad dog!" Which of the following is one reason why
This attempt at positive punishment might not work to correct the dog's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was not applied immediately after the dog's mistake. 
B)  Punishment does not correct bad behavior. 
C)  Dogs cannot understand a token economy. 
D)  Partially reinforced behaviors are harder to correct.

Exam 6: Learning

Mason has spent many hours studying the exact order of the first hundred digits of number pi,which has resulted in strengthened synaptic connections in his brain.Mason's ability to learn the numbers is most likely a result of

Michael is observing the people in his dorm and listing any behaviors that indicate learning. Which of the following should be included on Michael's list?

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to Speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and observes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction,they repeat those behaviors.Derek's observations Are most consistent with

The gray wolves of the Northern Rocky Mountain region vomited after eating poisoned sheep meat.The wolves formed the association of feeling ill with preying on sheep.In this example, Feeling ill is the

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her,so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting.The next time her brother does not share his toys,Rosy hits him. Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the most nectar.The hummingbirds are Being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

A main outcome of Ivan Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called

Last year,Martina was in love with Robert,but they broke up a few months ago.Today in the mall,Martina smells someone wearing the same cologne that Robert always wore.She is immediately filled with positive feelings,which is most likely due to

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal.To do this, it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel N^o 5.If Brad Pitt Elicits an innate response from you,he is being used as a(n)

A conditioned stimulus is

Jess always feels hungry at 7:00 PM.Maggie,Jess's roommate,decides to play a particular song for Jess at 6:59 PM for several nights in a row.One night,Maggie plays the song at 5:30 PM and Jess says,"Huh ...I suddenly feel hungry." In this situation,classical conditioning occurred because

Irina,who is three years old,was watching her father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood.If Irina learns how to hammer wood together after this experience,it is most likely the Result of

At lunch one day,a spider walks onto your table.It looks just like the one that bit you last year and made you very sick.You immediately start to panic,which in this situation is most Likely a(n)

Simon's dog urinates in the house while he is at work.When he gets home and sees the mess, he rubs his dog's nose in it and yells,"Bad dog!" Which of the following is one reason why This attempt at positive punishment might not work to correct the dog's behavior?

Exam 6: Learning

Mason has spent many hours studying the exact order of the first hundred digits of number pi,which has resulted in strengthened synaptic connections in his brain.Mason's ability to learn the numbers is most likely a result of

Michael is observing the people in his dorm and listing any behaviors that indicate learning. Which of the following should be included on Michael's list?

A month ago,Jenny was pulled over for speeding,and because it was her third ticket this year,her license was suspended.Jenny just received her license back and vows never to Speed again.In this situation,having her license suspended has served as

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and observes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction,they repeat those behaviors.Derek's observations Are most consistent with

The gray wolves of the Northern Rocky Mountain region vomited after eating poisoned sheep meat.The wolves formed the association of feeling ill with preying on sheep.In this example, Feeling ill is the

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her,so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting.The next time her brother does not share his toys,Rosy hits him. Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the most nectar.The hummingbirds are Being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

A main outcome of Ivan Pavlov's research is that a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus,the metronome,without the unconditioned stimulus,the food,the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome.In classical conditioning,this process is called

Last year,Martina was in love with Robert,but they broke up a few months ago.Today in the mall,Martina smells someone wearing the same cologne that Robert always wore.She is immediately filled with positive feelings,which is most likely due to

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal.To do this, it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel No 5.If Brad Pitt Elicits an innate response from you,he is being used as a(n)

A conditioned stimulus is

Jess always feels hungry at 7:00 PM.Maggie,Jess's roommate,decides to play a particular song for Jess at 6:59 PM for several nights in a row.One night,Maggie plays the song at 5:30 PM and Jess says,"Huh ...I suddenly feel hungry." In this situation,classical conditioning occurred because

Irina,who is three years old,was watching her father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood.If Irina learns how to hammer wood together after this experience,it is most likely the Result of

At lunch one day,a spider walks onto your table.It looks just like the one that bit you last year and made you very sick.You immediately start to panic,which in this situation is most Likely a(n)

Simon's dog urinates in the house while he is at work.When he gets home and sees the mess, he rubs his dog's nose in it and yells,"Bad dog!" Which of the following is one reason why This attempt at positive punishment might not work to correct the dog's behavior?

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal.To do this, it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel N^o 5.If Brad Pitt Elicits an innate response from you,he is being used as a(n)