Question 1

Oberlin is participating in a psychology study in which he has to press a red button whenever he sees a circle on the computer screen and a green button whenever he sees a square.This
Study is measuring ________ reaction time.

Accepted Answer

A)  choice 
B)  complex 
C)  basic 
D)  simple

Question 2

Cara is a mechanic.She fixes three cars that will not start by replacing their batteries. When a fourth car is brought in and will not start,she assumes the problem is the battery.
Cara's assumption is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness. 
B)  restructuring. 
C)  a mental set. 
D)  an analogy.

Question 3

The type of reaction-time task that is most strongly related to intelligence test scores is the ________ reaction-time task.

Accepted Answer

A)  complex 
B)  simple 
C)  choice 
D)  basic

Question 4

You get to your car and realize you have lost your keys.So you think of the last time you saw your keys and retrace your steps from that point.You are using the problem-solving
Technique of ________ to help find your keys.

Accepted Answer

A)  subgoals 
B)  working backward 
C)  analogy 
D)  sudden insight

Question 5

Which finding is the best evidence that genetics plays an important role in determining intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identical twins raised apart have more similar IQs than siblings raised together. 
B)  Adopted children have IQs that are similar to their nonbiological siblings. 
C)  Siblings raised together have more similar IQs than siblings raised apart. 
D)  Identical twins raised together have more similar IQs than identical twins raised apart.

Question 6

Larry wants to see whether he can influence his students' test scores.When he gives his students their English test,he says,"Tall students tend to perform worse than short students
On this test." Indeed,the tall students do get lower scores on the test.These results provide
Support for the existence of

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallized intelligence. 
B)  stereotype threat. 
C)  fluid intelligence. 
D)  test validity.

Question 7

You are studying for your exam when the electricity goes out.In order to have enough light to read your textbook,you put your cell phone in front of the page and use the light from
The screen to read the book.You are able to successfully study for your exam because
You avoid

Accepted Answer

A)  restructuring the problem. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  working backward. 
D)  using analogies.

Question 8

If you can make decisions,solve problems,learn quickly,and adapt to changes in the environment,you probably have a

Accepted Answer

A)  low level of intelligence. 
B)  high level of intelligence. 
C)  high level of insight. 
D)  low level of insight.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between general intelligence and working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  General intelligence is strongly correlated with simple tests of memory. 
B)  General intelligence is strongly correlated with memory tests that have two components. 
C)  General intelligence is strongly correlated with both simple and two-component memory tests. 
D)  General intelligence is not correlated with either simple or two-component memory tests.

Question 10

Some mental shortcuts can cause errors in thinking.For example,simply because you can remember an example of something very quickly and easily does not mean that you should
Rely on that information in making accurate probability judgments.This error in thinking
Reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  an analogy. 
B)  insight. 
C)  the availability heuristic. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic.

Question 11

Juan believes that a robin is a good example of a bird.Sergei believes that a penguin is a good example of a bird.Juan and Sergei are both correct according to the ________ model of
Organizing concepts.

Accepted Answer

A)  schema 
B)  stereotype 
C)  exemplar 
D)  prototype

Question 12

A) How can cultural bias influence intelligence test scores?
B) Describe the kinds of tests (or give the names) that show the least amount of cultural bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A) How can cultural bias influence intelligence...

Question 13

Both nature and nurture can influence intelligence.Which of the following ideas has NOT been supported by intelligence research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain prenatal factors can lead to lower intelligence. 
B)  Certain postnatal factors can lead to lower intelligence. 
C)  Intelligence can be linked to a single "intelligence gene." 
D)  An enriched environment can positively influence intelligence.

Question 14

James is trying to break into a safe,but he does not know the four-digit code.To find the right code,he uses a procedure that will obtain the right result if he uses it correctly.Specifically,
He tries every possible set of four-digit numbers until he finds the correct one.James is using
A(n) ________ to find the correct code.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogy 
B)  mental set 
C)  heuristic 
D)  algorithm

Question 15

Your friend says the new restaurant in town has the best hamburgers.To see whether she is correct,you read a variety of online restaurant reviews.You are using ________ reasoning
To determine whether this conclusion is valid.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal 
B)  informal 
C)  heuristic 
D)  algorithmic

Question 16

A prototype includes ________ in a category.An exemplar includes ________ in the category.

Accepted Answer

A)  the most typical concept;all examples of concepts 
B)  the least typical concept;the most typical concept 
C)  only stereotypical concepts;the least typical concept 
D)  all examples of concepts;only stereotypical concepts

Question 17

When you brainstorm a list of words and concepts that are related to your personality traits, you are writing words that are related to an abstract mental concept.Because of this you are
Using a(n) ________ representation.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical 
B)  symbolic 
C)  heuristic 
D)  algorithm

Question 18

For an intelligence test to be useful,it must have both validity and reliability.
A) Explain validity and reliability.
B) Provide an example of something that has low validity but high reliability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For an intelligence test to be useful,it...

Question 19

When Mary thinks about a guitar,she uses a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object.Mary is thinking about a

Accepted Answer

A)  mental map. 
B)  schema. 
C)  stereotype. 
D)  concept.

Question 20

Annie needs to take her cat to the vet but she does not have a carrier.She remembers that once she took her guinea pig to the vet in a pot.But she knows the cat will not fit in a pot,so
She cannot use this strategy.Annie is having a hard time solving the problem because of

Accepted Answer

A)  poor insight. 
B)  a mental set. 
C)  subgoals. 
D)  framing.

Exam 8: Thinking and Intelligence

Oberlin is participating in a psychology study in which he has to press a red button whenever he sees a circle on the computer screen and a green button whenever he sees a square.This Study is measuring ________ reaction time.

Cara is a mechanic.She fixes three cars that will not start by replacing their batteries. When a fourth car is brought in and will not start,she assumes the problem is the battery. Cara's assumption is based on

The type of reaction-time task that is most strongly related to intelligence test scores is the ________ reaction-time task.

You get to your car and realize you have lost your keys.So you think of the last time you saw your keys and retrace your steps from that point.You are using the problem-solving Technique of ________ to help find your keys.

Which finding is the best evidence that genetics plays an important role in determining intelligence?

You are studying for your exam when the electricity goes out.In order to have enough light to read your textbook,you put your cell phone in front of the page and use the light from The screen to read the book.You are able to successfully study for your exam because You avoid

If you can make decisions,solve problems,learn quickly,and adapt to changes in the environment,you probably have a

Which of the following best describes the relationship between general intelligence and working memory?

Some mental shortcuts can cause errors in thinking.For example,simply because you can remember an example of something very quickly and easily does not mean that you should Rely on that information in making accurate probability judgments.This error in thinking Reflects

Juan believes that a robin is a good example of a bird.Sergei believes that a penguin is a good example of a bird.Juan and Sergei are both correct according to the ________ model of Organizing concepts.

A) How can cultural bias influence intelligence test scores? B) Describe the kinds of tests (or give the names) that show the least amount of cultural bias.

Both nature and nurture can influence intelligence.Which of the following ideas has NOT been supported by intelligence research?

Your friend says the new restaurant in town has the best hamburgers.To see whether she is correct,you read a variety of online restaurant reviews.You are using ________ reasoning To determine whether this conclusion is valid.

A prototype includes in a category.An exemplar includes in the category.

When you brainstorm a list of words and concepts that are related to your personality traits, you are writing words that are related to an abstract mental concept.Because of this you are Using a(n) ________ representation.

For an intelligence test to be useful,it must have both validity and reliability. A) Explain validity and reliability. B) Provide an example of something that has low validity but high reliability.

When Mary thinks about a guitar,she uses a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object.Mary is thinking about a

Annie needs to take her cat to the vet but she does not have a carrier.She remembers that once she took her guinea pig to the vet in a pot.But she knows the cat will not fit in a pot,so She cannot use this strategy.Annie is having a hard time solving the problem because of