Question 1

____ causes lower birth weight and less motor control in fetuses.

Accepted Answer

A)  Marijuana 
B)  Nicotine 
C)  Thalidomide 
D)  Cocaine

Question 2

Most experts recommend that expectant mothers drink ____ during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  no alcohol at all 
B)  alcohol only in the first two trimesters 
C)  alcohol in moderation 
D)  at least one glass of wine per week

Question 3

In preindustrialized societies,such as the Sambia of Papua New Guinea or many African hunter-gatherer tribes,there is little need for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  childhood 
B)  adolescence 
C)  maturation 
D)  schemas

Question 4

The brain generally grows ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  from back to front 
B)  from middle to the sides 
C)  from front to back 
D)  from top to bottom

Question 5

One of the findings of Kohlberg's theory was that women tend to be classified at a lower level of moral reasoning than men.Carol Gilligan argued that this gender difference was because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  women are less sophisticated moral thinkers than men 
B)  Kohlberg's theory emphasized values more often held by men 
C)  Kohlberg's theory de-emphasized values more associated with women 
D)  Both b and c

Question 6

After the age of 50,we begin losing our neurons at an accelerated rate.However,to make up for this,our brain grows longer and bushier dendrites take over the functions of the dying neurons.This is an example of the ____ of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  potentiality 
B)  pliancy 
C)  elasticity 
D)  plasticity

Question 7

The five stages of dying,as proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross,are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anger,defiance,rationalization,depression,and acceptance 
B)  depression,avoidance,rationalization,anger,and acceptance 
C)  denial,anger,bargaining,depression,and acceptance 
D)  denial,avoidance,anger,rationalization,and acceptance

Question 8

Children in Piaget's preoperational stage have difficulty with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation tasks 
B)  make-believe play 
C)  thinking in terms of language 
D)  representational thought

Question 9

According to Kohlberg,there comes a stage when people begin to define what is right and wrong in terms of societal norms and laws,and they are motivated to conform to these rules in order to gain the approval or avoid the disapproval of others.He says that people generally tend to stay at this level of moral reasoning for the rest of their lives.What does he call this level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preconventional morality 
B)  Conventional morality 
C)  Postconventional morality 
D)  Unconventional morality

Question 10

What happens after the prefrontal cortex undergoes a phase of brain cell elimination and rewiring based on the use-it-or-lose-it principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is much more efficient and more focused information processing. 
B)  The prefrontal cortex becomes a reliable internal brake on runaway emotions and impulsive actions. 
C)  The prefrontal cortex acts as a catalyst for risky and impulsive behavior. 
D)  Both a and b

Question 11

Self-esteem is defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the "theory" or "story" that a person constructs about herself or himself through social interaction 
B)  a psychological state where you take yourself as an object of attention 
C)  a person's evaluation of her or his self-concept 
D)  the knowledge that one is female or male and the internalization of this fact into one's self-concept

Question 12

Explain the stage in psychosocial development that young adults experience,according to Erik Erikson.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the stage in psychosocial development that...

Question 13

Early maturing girls often receive greater unwanted attention,causing them to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  suffer from low self-esteem 
B)  have high self-esteem 
C)  feel relaxed and in control socially 
D)  Both b and c

Question 14

Erikson believed that the crisis of trust versus mistrust occurs during ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the first year of life 
B)  the second year of life 
C)  young adulthood 
D)  the last stage of psychosocial development

Question 15

Due to bone compression in the spinal column and changes in posture,by the age of 70,people have shrunk ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  by about a half an inch 
B)  1 to 2 inches 
C)  about 3 inches 
D)  about 4 inches

Question 16

Explain in brief the stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain in brief the stages of Piaget's...

Question 17

The ____ is responsible for language acquisition in infants between 6 and 8 months of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata 
B)  cerebral cortex 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  frontal cortex

Question 18

Social scientists ask a large sample of people from a collectivist culture to complete the "Who Am I?" test.Based on previous research,the type of responses the scientists should find on their response sheets should be ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical self-descriptions 
B)  social self-descriptions 
C)  attributive self-descriptions 
D)  global self-descriptions

Question 19

Children develop an understanding of the principle of conservation during the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational stage 
B)  sensorimotor stage 
C)  concrete operational stage 
D)  preoperational stage

Question 20

If a fertilized egg successfully embeds itself in the uterine wall,it is now considered a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  zygote 
B)  fetus 
C)  embryo 
D)  neonate

Exam 3: Human Development