Question 1

If a patient is communicating to a provider about all but the most important piece of information, and the physician is supposed to supply that piece of information to make the whole message comprehensible, this is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) active-passive model 
B) individualistic communication 
C) mutual cooperation model 
D) collectivistic communication

Question 2

Women from this ethnicity background believe that a week or a month resting period (lying-in) is needed after the birth of their babies.This is the period of time the mother spends in bed to recover.

Accepted Answer

A) German 
B) European American 
C) African American 
D) Asian American

Question 3

Leanne has recently been getting stomachaches in the evening and explains the pain as being caused by the gluten in her diet.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) making an attribution 
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy 
C) social sanctioning 
D) the confirmation bias

Question 4

In a study examining help seeking for emotional problems, Spencer and Chen (2004) found that Chinese Americans who experienced language-based discrimination were more likely to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) seek out informal help from friends and relatives rather than from physicians 
B) avoid all health care 
C) seek higher educated providers 
D) self-medicate

Question 5

Snell (1962) found that African Americans who believed they have been "hexed" could be treated effectively by a psychiatrist using hypnosis, even when the psychiatrist did not believe in hexing.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) a self-fulfilling prophecy 
B) shamanism 
C) misattribute 
D) an illusory correlation

Question 6

Treatments that are associated with low levels of adherence include treatments that ______.

Accepted Answer

A) are long term 
B) do not change the patient's daily routine, because they are more likely to forget to incorporate the change 
C) are short term, because they are less likely to become a habit 
D) are relatively simple; it is assumed that they probably will not be effective

Question 7

Recent work suggests that treatment adherence can be increased by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the complexity of the medical regimen so that patients pay closer attention to the practitioner's recommendations 
B) having the physician pay closer attention to the patient after the diagnosis with more monitoring and follow-ups 
C) not charging the patient until the follow up appointments are completed 
D) rapidly changing the patient's daily routine of a preferred behavior rather than having the change be slower and therefore, perceived as more difficult

Question 8

______ mistrust of the healthcare system is often cited as a cause of racial disparities in health.

Accepted Answer

A) Chinese Americans' 
B) African Americans' 
C) Mexican Americans' 
D) Japanese Americans'

Question 9

Many times people will know they have a problem (they noticed they have symptoms) but will not go to a doctor.This can make the problem difficult to treat and is called a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A) appraisal delay 
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy 
C) illness delay 
D) the guidance-cooperation model

Question 10

In many cultures, spiritual healers are typically consulted first for all illnesses, but especially for ______.

Accepted Answer

A) appendicitis 
B) stage 4 breast cancer 
C) heart attacks not characterized by the classic symptom of chest pain 
D) physical suffering from emotional trauma due to witnessing the suffering of others

Question 11

Tony monitors his symptoms to an extreme level and makes repeated trips to the doctor for the smallest symptom.At his last appointment his doctor told him that his health was fine, but he found a new doctor because he didn't believe that he was all right.He is likely to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) be a hypochondriac 
B) score high on conscientiousness 
C) be an extrovert 
D) be demonstrating self-efficacy

Question 12

Discuss some of the unique challenges of getting adolescents to adhere to their medical regimen.What could a health professional do to address this (use two specific examples)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss some of the unique challenges of...

Question 13

Research has shown that playing daytime television in healthcare waiting rooms helps to decrease patient stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe two reasons why a person might delay seeking medical treatment in a clinical setting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two reasons why a person might...

Question 15

Both verbal and nonverbal behaviors influence the quality of communication between doctors and patients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to use health services at the highest level?

Accepted Answer

A) Mexican-American men 
B) parents who are physicians themselves 
C) European-American men 
D) women

Question 17

Which of the following is FALSE regarding research to date?

Accepted Answer

A) Some cultural groups are given less information and treated worse than other groups. 
B) Men over 50 are less likely to be admitted to the hospital intensive care unit and are more at risk of dying there and in the hospital compared to their female counterparts. 
C) There is evidence for differential treatment in medical settings based on the patient's sex. 
D) Medical professionals have stereotypes about how people of certain ethnic groups express their pain.

Question 18

A major cultural difference in the reporting and perception of physical symptoms is that ______.

Accepted Answer

A) European Americans are higher than African Americans 
B) women are higher than men 
C) older adults are higher younger adults 
D) people in the Northeastern U.S.are higher than those in other parts of the U.S.

Question 19

Social scientists have argued that individuals use stereotypes ______.

Accepted Answer

A) as a shortcut to save cognitive energy 
B) only when interacting with someone of a different ethnic background, but not when interacting with someone of a different sex 
C) because they lack the ability to engage in critical thinking 
D) because people are poor observers when in their own natural environments

Question 20

Evidence suggests that the underutilization of medical resources by Asian Americans is caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) under-referral by their health practitioners 
B) the lack of translators in Asian languages 
C) a basic misunderstanding and mistrust of Western health care 
D) the misunderstanding of providers about the needs of Asian patients

Exam 9: Factors Surrounding Illness: Illness Cognitions, Adherence, and Patient-Practitioner Interactions