Question 1

In conducting her literature review, Carol noticed that most of the articles she was finding were 25 years old and she used them to develop her study. As a result her study's temporal validity may be affected.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When a significant amount of time passes between the first and second treatment so that one or more things could be at least partially responsible for a change seen in the research participants, it could be an example of regression artifacts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

One way to promote theoretical validity in qualitative research is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Use low inference descriptors 
B)  Avoid participant observation 
C)  Use extended fieldwork 
D)  Use data from interviews only

Question 4

Pattern matching refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Looking at the match between the actual data and a theoretically predicted set of results 
B)  Looking at the match between the descriptions of researchers and the descriptions of participants in a qualitative study 
C)  The researcher matching what participants do by imitating it 
D)  The researcher finding the match for his or her results in another study

Question 5

Internal validity refers to the degree to which a researcher can accurately claim that a causal relationship exists between two variables and that the observed strength of the relationship is accurate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A researcher places a video camera in a classroom to tape lessons that are part of one of the treatment conditions. The video camera is likely to increase the probability of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple treatment interference 
B)  Selection effects 
C)  Reactivity 
D)  Maturation

Question 7

If the qualitative and quantitative parts of a mixed study have used different sets and numbers of research participants and you have made appropriate generalizations when you combine the data from these sets of research participants, you have achieved:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequential legitimation 
B)  Conversion legitimation 
C)  Sample integration legitimation 
D)  Socio-political legitimation

Question 8

Identify and explain the types of validity or legitimation used in mixed research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and explain the types of validity...

Question 9

Describe three of the strategies a qualitative researcher can use to ensure the research validity of her study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three of the strategies a qualitative...

Question 10

Dr. Sanjay is studying whether his racism awareness program increases his research participants' awareness of issues of race and ethnicity in his city. On Monday, he gives an attitude survey to his participants to gauge their awareness. On Tuesday through Thursday, he puts them through his program. On Wednesday, a local predominantly black church is firebombed and the KKK claims responsibility. On Friday, Dr. Sanjay gives his awareness survey again and finds awareness of racial issues has increased dramatically. This example illustrates the possibility of ______________ as a plausible rival explanation.

Accepted Answer

A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Regression artifact 
D)  Differential selection

Question 11

Jason's study looked at the reactions of members of the two major political parties to the person who was elected as president. It is possible that his study had selection-maturation validity threats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Anna is writing up her qualitative research study. She took in depth notes on what took place with the participants as well as what she saw and heard when working with the participants. She did this to improve the study's:

Accepted Answer

A)  Interpretive validity 
B)  Participant validity 
C)  Theoretical validity 
D)  Descriptive validity

Question 13

When the researcher can draw clear causal conclusions from what went on in a study, this is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal validity 
B)  Internal reliability 
C)  Internal consistency reliability 
D)  External validity

Question 14

Sarah is conducting an ethnographic study of fifth grade classes using an interdisciplinary curriculum. After she collects her data, she goes back and asks each teacher to help her out by checking the accuracy of the descriptions she has written of the classrooms. This technique is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Participant observation 
B)  Participant feedback 
C)  Participant validity 
D)  Theoretical validity

Question 15

If the way a variable is measured changes during the course of a study, this threat to validity is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Testing effect 
B)  Instrumentation effect 
C)  Maturation effect 
D)  Multiple-treatment interference

Question 16

Which of the following does not represent a threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random assignment 
B)  History 
C)  Differential attrition 
D)  Regression artifact

Question 17

When the participants in the different treatment conditions have different characteristics that vary along with the independent variable, this is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation 
B)  Regression artifacts 
C)  History 
D)  Differential selection

Question 18

Theoretical validity refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Accuracy and defensibility of the theoretical explanations given 
B)  Accuracy of the descriptions of the data 
C)  Accuracy of the researcher's description of the meanings ascribed to participants 
D)  Accuracy of the low inference descriptors used

Question 19

If a researcher has successfully quantitized qualitative data and qualitized quantitative data, he/she has achieved:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequential legitimation 
B)  Conversion legitimation 
C)  Sample integration legitimation 
D)  Socio-political legitimation

Question 20

Reactivity can influence:

Accepted Answer

A)  The ecological validity of a study 
B)  The internal validity of a study if it varies across comparison groups 
C)  Both ecological and internal validity of a study 
D)  Neither ecological nor internal validity

Exam 11: Validity of Research Results in Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

In conducting her literature review, Carol noticed that most of the articles she was finding were 25 years old and she used them to develop her study. As a result her study's temporal validity may be affected.

When a significant amount of time passes between the first and second treatment so that one or more things could be at least partially responsible for a change seen in the research participants, it could be an example of regression artifacts.

One way to promote theoretical validity in qualitative research is to:

Pattern matching refers to:

Internal validity refers to the degree to which a researcher can accurately claim that a causal relationship exists between two variables and that the observed strength of the relationship is accurate.

A researcher places a video camera in a classroom to tape lessons that are part of one of the treatment conditions. The video camera is likely to increase the probability of:

If the qualitative and quantitative parts of a mixed study have used different sets and numbers of research participants and you have made appropriate generalizations when you combine the data from these sets of research participants, you have achieved:

Identify and explain the types of validity or legitimation used in mixed research.

Describe three of the strategies a qualitative researcher can use to ensure the research validity of her study.

Jason's study looked at the reactions of members of the two major political parties to the person who was elected as president. It is possible that his study had selection-maturation validity threats.

Anna is writing up her qualitative research study. She took in depth notes on what took place with the participants as well as what she saw and heard when working with the participants. She did this to improve the study's:

When the researcher can draw clear causal conclusions from what went on in a study, this is called:

Sarah is conducting an ethnographic study of fifth grade classes using an interdisciplinary curriculum. After she collects her data, she goes back and asks each teacher to help her out by checking the accuracy of the descriptions she has written of the classrooms. This technique is called:

If the way a variable is measured changes during the course of a study, this threat to validity is called:

Which of the following does not represent a threat to internal validity?

When the participants in the different treatment conditions have different characteristics that vary along with the independent variable, this is called:

Theoretical validity refers to:

If a researcher has successfully quantitized qualitative data and qualitized quantitative data, he/she has achieved:

Reactivity can influence: