Question 1

JoAnn is with her toddler in the supermarket.The toddler begins to yell and scream that he wants a candy bar.At first JoAnn says no,but as the child begins to scream more and more,JoAnn gives him the candy bar.As a result,the child stops screaming.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) tertiary reinforcement 
D) conditional reinforcement

Question 2

After receiving a reinforcer on a fixed-interval schedule,the organism ______

Accepted Answer

A) stops 
B) continues responding at a higher rate 
C) continues responding at the same rate 
D) initially continues responding at the same rate,then decreases responding

Question 3

Which brain structure seems to have a major role in negative contrast effects?

Accepted Answer

A) the super dorsal amygdala 
B) the lateral amygdala 
C) the hippocampus 
D) the medial amygdala

Question 4

The specified relationship between behavior and reinforcement is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioning 
B) behavioral contrast 
C) the congruency effect 
D) a contingency

Question 5

Self-reinforcement procedures have been found to be ______.

Accepted Answer

A) largely ineffective 
B) generally ineffective 
C) somewhat effective 
D) often effective

Question 6

You help a friend move into a new house.After you are done,your friend goes inside and closes the door.Three days later,they call you up and thank you for helping them move.From an operant conditioning perspective,the next time your friend moves,what will you do?

Accepted Answer

A) You will immediately go and help your friend move. 
B) You will help your friend move but wait several days. 
C) You will start to help your friend but then stop. 
D) You will not help your friend.

Question 7

Outpatient contingency management programs utilize a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A) contingency partner who ensures the program remains in effect at all times 
B) videotape partner who maintains an accurate portrayal of the desired behavior at all times 
C) self-reinforcement procedure 
D) electronic monitoring device attached to the ankle

Question 8

Contingency management has been used to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) decrease disruptive behavior in children 
B) increase academic performance 
C) increase drug abstinence 
D) all of these are correct

Question 9

Compare and contrast primary reinforcement with secondary reinforcement.What is the difference between the two groups? Then provide two examples of primary reinforcers and secondary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast primary reinforcement with secondary...

Question 10

Marcus is in Vegas and starts to play a slot machine.On his first pull,he wins $1.On his second pull,he wins nothing; on his third pull,he wins nothing,and on his fourth pull,he wins a dollar.Marcus is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-ratio 
C) fixed-interval 
D) variable-interval

Question 11

Joe is trying to get his dog to fetch a ball.Joe first throws the ball and the dog stands there looking at him.Joe gets the ball and throws it again and says fetch.The dog again stands there looking at him.What could Joe do to get his dog to play fetch ?

Accepted Answer

A) give him a electric shock 
B) start yelling at him 
C) use shaping 
D) none of these are correct

Question 12

Anthony is making fishing flies.After every dozen flies he makes,he gets paid $4.Anthony is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-ratio 
C) fixed-interval 
D) variable-interval

Question 13

When a dog must wait a specific period of time and then make a response before receiving reinforcement,this is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) contingency reinforcement 
B) a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement 
C) behavioral contrast 
D) a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement

Question 14

Pauses after reinforcement in a fixed ratio schedule are called a postreinforcement pause.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Cues associated with nonreward ______.

Accepted Answer

A) cause the behavior to increase,then decrease 
B) develop aversive qualities 
C) cause the behavior to decrease,then increase 
D) have no impact on behavior

Question 16

Stages of contingency management include assessment,implementation,and evaluation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Jerry is a teacher in a class of young students who have lots of energy.Jerry tells them that if they are quiet for 5 min,they can go outside for recess.As a result,the students stop fidgeting and are very quiet.Jerry is using which type of reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) DRH 
B) DRO 
C) DRL 
D) contingency

Question 18

Choose the best answer.For Skinner,environmental events ______.

Accepted Answer

A) constrain the opportunity for reward 
B) reduced the opportunity for reinforcement 
C) informs the person when reinforcement is available 
D) none of these

Question 19

For Skinner,a reward is a satisfying state of affairs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The utilization of contingent reinforcement to increase the frequency of appropriate behaviors or decrease inappropriate responses is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) contingency management 
B) behavioral contracting 
C) behavioral monitoring 
D) behavioral enhancement

Exam 5: Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning

JoAnn is with her toddler in the supermarket.The toddler begins to yell and scream that he wants a candy bar.At first JoAnn says no,but as the child begins to scream more and more,JoAnn gives him the candy bar.As a result,the child stops screaming.This is an example of ______.

After receiving a reinforcer on a fixed-interval schedule,the organism ______

Which brain structure seems to have a major role in negative contrast effects?

The specified relationship between behavior and reinforcement is called ______.

Self-reinforcement procedures have been found to be ______.

You help a friend move into a new house.After you are done,your friend goes inside and closes the door.Three days later,they call you up and thank you for helping them move.From an operant conditioning perspective,the next time your friend moves,what will you do?

Outpatient contingency management programs utilize a/an ______.

Contingency management has been used to ______.

Compare and contrast primary reinforcement with secondary reinforcement.What is the difference between the two groups? Then provide two examples of primary reinforcers and secondary reinforcers.

Marcus is in Vegas and starts to play a slot machine.On his first pull,he wins $1.On his second pull,he wins nothing; on his third pull,he wins nothing,and on his fourth pull,he wins a dollar.Marcus is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Joe is trying to get his dog to fetch a ball.Joe first throws the ball and the dog stands there looking at him.Joe gets the ball and throws it again and says fetch.The dog again stands there looking at him.What could Joe do to get his dog to play fetch ?

Anthony is making fishing flies.After every dozen flies he makes,he gets paid $4.Anthony is on which schedule of reinforcement?

When a dog must wait a specific period of time and then make a response before receiving reinforcement,this is called ______.

Pauses after reinforcement in a fixed ratio schedule are called a postreinforcement pause.

Cues associated with nonreward ______.

Stages of contingency management include assessment,implementation,and evaluation.

Jerry is a teacher in a class of young students who have lots of energy.Jerry tells them that if they are quiet for 5 min,they can go outside for recess.As a result,the students stop fidgeting and are very quiet.Jerry is using which type of reinforcement schedule?

Choose the best answer.For Skinner,environmental events ______.

For Skinner,a reward is a satisfying state of affairs.

The utilization of contingent reinforcement to increase the frequency of appropriate behaviors or decrease inappropriate responses is called ______.