Question 1

According to the information processing perspective,older children first resolve preschoolers' difficulty with the Piagetian conservation problem when their improved __________.

Accepted Answer

A) memory enables them to remember when they first encountered the problem of the two glasses 
B) critical thinking ability allows them to dismiss false assumptions about tall and short glasses 
C) mathematical skills help them to understand that the volume of the two glasses is the same 
D) attention span permits them to attend simultaneously to the height and width of the glasses

Question 2

Rasheed is memorizing his math multiplication tables by using flash cards.He does this frequently enough that eventually he does not need the visual stimulation of the cards to remember the information.Which aspect of memory is Rasheed taking advantage of?

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory 
B) sequential memory 
C) sensory memory 
D) long-term memory

Question 3

Which principle is an ingredient of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) being argumentative 
B) accepting assumptions 
C) seeking confirmatory examples of a claim 
D) exploring alternative explanations

Question 4

When questioning children for legal purposes,the accuracy of their recollections can be improved by __________.

Accepted Answer

A) using a neutral setting,not a courtroom or police office,for questioning 
B) avoiding direct questions in favor of asking for an open-ended description of events 
C) reminding the children of the importance of truthfulness and precision 
D) permitting parents or guardians to be present during the questioning

Question 5

If a 9-year-old employs conscious,intentional tactics to improve cognitive processing,what is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A) reasoning 
B) control strategies 
C) rehearsal 
D) working memory

Question 6

Infantile amnesia is defined as the lack of memory for experience that occurred prior to what age?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 months 
B) 12 months 
C) 2 years 
D) 3 years

Question 7

Edweena is told that more Oldsmobiles are sold currently in the United States than Hondas,Fords,Toyotas,and Chevrolets combined.She not only accepts this statement but repeats it to her friends,family,and teachers.Given that Oldsmobiles haven't been manufactured since 2004,what important skill has Edweena neglected to apply?

Accepted Answer

A) critical thinking 
B) metamemory 
C) metacognition 
D) code-based processing

Question 8

What type of thinking makes use of cognitive skills and strategies to increase the likelihood of solving problems,forming inferences,and making decisions appropriately and successfully?

Accepted Answer

A) encoding 
B) metamemory 
C) critical thinking 
D) information processing

Question 9

Four-year-old Carla is engaged in playing with a toy truck,while her 10-year-old brother Vincent is wrapped up in a book.The truck and the book are said to be different __________ stimuli for each child.

Accepted Answer

A) attention-getting 
B) information-processing 
C) attention-holding 
D) cognitive-control

Question 10

Which term refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention?

Accepted Answer

A) automatization 
B) encoding 
C) information processing 
D) retrieval

Question 11

What easily enacted strategy can middle-aged people use to improve their memory functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Change routines often to exercise one's sensory processes. 
B) Create elaborate rituals and routines that are unique to the individual. 
C) Pay greater attention to material when it is first encountered. 
D) Write everything down,no matter how inconsequential it may seem.

Question 12

How do information processing approaches to understanding cognitive development compare to Piaget's approach to understanding cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Information processing approaches focus on quantitative developments,whereas Piaget's approach focuses on qualitative developments. 
B) Information processing approaches focus on effective object manipulation,whereas Piaget's approach focuses on efficient object manipulation. 
C) Information processing approaches focus on qualitative developments,whereas Piaget's approach focuses on quantitative developments. 
D) Information processing approaches focus on mental representations of processes,whereas Piaget's approach focuses on abstract idealizations of processes.

Question 13

A reading educator is in favor of teaching reading by presenting it as a natural process,similar to the acquisition of oral language.Which instructional strategy is this teacher a proponent of?

Accepted Answer

A) whole-language approach 
B) sound-symbol approach 
C) code-based approach 
D) phonetic-fluency approach

Question 14

The three basic aspects of information processing are encoding,storage,and __________.

Accepted Answer

A) recitation 
B) retrieval 
C) repetition 
D) recall

Question 15

Reggie looks at the telephone number of Chubby's Char-Grilled Beefhouse for a few seconds,and then walks into the other room to call in her order.Reggie remembers the phone number in its correct sequence because of which aspect of cognitive architecture?

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory 
B) sequential processing 
C) sensory memory 
D) long-term memory

Question 16

As they grow older,children begin to recall memories in terms of __________,which are general representations in memory of a sequence or series of events.

Accepted Answer

A) scripts 
B) control strategies 
C) metamemories 
D) chunks

Question 17

Which part of the cognitive architecture refers to the initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant?

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory 
B) sequential memory 
C) sensory store 
D) long-term memory

Question 18

Provide an example of an automatic process,and explain why automatization of cognitive tasks is beneficial.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of an automatic process,and...

Question 19

Which term describes the perspective that seeks to identify the way individuals take in,use,and store information?

Accepted Answer

A) information processing approach 
B) social development model 
C) automatization of responses 
D) encoding-specificity principle

Question 20

What do information processing approaches to understanding cognitive development highlight?

Accepted Answer

A) the processes underlying the acquisition and use of information 
B) identifying clear breakpoints in developmental advances 
C) age ranges for cognitive skills across the entire lifespan 
D) qualitative changes in a person's cognitive skills

Exam 6: Cognitive Growth: Information Processing Approaches