Question 1

Perry found that as college students were exposed to new ideas and viewpoints,they came to understand that it is possible to hold __________ on an issue.

Accepted Answer

A) acquisitive perspectives 
B) responsible positions 
C) multiple perspectives 
D) informal positions

Question 2

Three-year-old Wendy is playing hide-and-seek with some older children.However,instead of running to find a hiding place away from the other children,Wendy simply covers her eyes and stands in place.Wendy is demonstrating which Piagetian concept?

Accepted Answer

A) intuitive thought 
B) egocentrism 
C) centration 
D) conservation

Question 3

How did Piaget explain why preschool-age children in the preoperational stage make errors on tasks requiring conservation?

Accepted Answer

A) Preschool-age children's neural-visual network is not fully matured. 
B) Preschool-age children have not lived long enough to accrue enough experience spotting the differences between quantities. 
C) Preschool-age children's tendency toward centration prevents them from focusing on other relevant features of a situation. 
D) Preschool-age children have not developed numerical understanding;therefore,different amounts are meaningless.

Question 4

Explain K.Warner Schaie's perspective on stages of development and discuss how it differs from Jean Piaget's approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain K.Warner Schaie's perspective on stages of...

Question 5

Reggie watched as his son Maurice dropped a toy elf repeatedly.Maurice varied the position from which he dropped the elf,and carefully looked each time to see where it fell.What is Maurice's behavior an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions. 
B) Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions. 
C) Substage 4: Coordination of circular reactions. 
D) Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions.

Question 6

Critics of Piaget believe his timeline for the development of both __________ is too late.

Accepted Answer

A) motor skills and goal-directed behavior 
B) information processing and egocentric thought 
C) symbolic function and simple reflexes 
D) object permanence and conservation

Question 7

Which Piagetian term refers to the period of cognitive development that occurs between ages 7 and 12,and is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic?

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operational stage 
B) decentering stage 
C) abstract operational stage 
D) preoperational stage

Question 8

The tertiary circular reactions stage,substage 5 of Piaget's sensorimotor period,occurs during which age range?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 to 8 months 
B) 8 to 12 months 
C) 12 to 14 months 
D) 12 to 18 months

Question 9

Piaget believed the major achievement of the final substage in the sensorimotor stage is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) symbolic thought 
B) centration 
C) object permanence 
D) conservation

Question 10

Vygotsky's theory that children's comprehension of the world flows from their __________ is increasingly well-supported by research.

Accepted Answer

A) continual advance in motor skills 
B) mental representations and schemes 
C) interactions with adults and peers 
D) concrete operational thinking

Question 11

Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget overestimated the ages at which children could master various cognitive tasks. 
B) The preoperational stage should really be divided into seven substages. 
C) Piaget focused on a culturally limited set of observations when making claims for universal processes. 
D) The sensorimotor period is longer than Piaget predicted,stretching well into middle childhood.

Question 12

Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as the product of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) transformational scaffolding 
B) concrete interventions 
C) formal operations 
D) social interactions

Question 13

Research shows that the progress of cognitive development cannot be understood without considering a child's __________.

Accepted Answer

A) nature 
B) culture 
C) limitations 
D) intuition

Question 14

Two-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo.While they were there,Alex's mother took him to see the otter exhibit.When he saw an otter swimming rapidly,he pointed and said,"A fish." In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development,what is Alex demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive substitution 
B) accommodation 
C) object permanence 
D) assimilation

Question 15

In the later years of the preoperational stage,children show an understanding that certain things stay the same,regardless of changes in shape,size,and appearance.What is this realization called?

Accepted Answer

A) identity 
B) functionality 
C) intuitive thought 
D) summarization

Question 16

According to K.Warner Schaie,what is the main cognitive developmental task of young adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A) responsibility 
B) acquisition 
C) achievement 
D) reintegration

Question 17

What kind of reactions would be categorized as schema reflecting an infant's repetition of interesting or enjoyable actions that focus on the infant's own body?

Accepted Answer

A) primary circular reactions 
B) circular reactions 
C) secondary circular reactions 
D) tertiary circular reactions

Question 18

__________ thinking is a view of the world where something is either right or wrong with no shades of grey.

Accepted Answer

A) Dualistic 
B) Counterintuitive 
C) Symbolic 
D) Egocentric

Question 19

The "beginnings of thought" substage of Piaget's sensorimotor period occurs during which age range?

Accepted Answer

A) 8 to 14 months 
B) 12 to 14 months 
C) 12 to 18 months 
D) 18 to 24 months

Question 20

Which term did Lev Vygotsky use to describe the physical items that a child uses to learn,as well as the intellectual and conceptual framework that the child uses to learn?

Accepted Answer

A) memory aids 
B) definition aids 
C) cultural tools 
D) learning aids

Exam 5: Cognitive Growth: Piaget and Vygotsky