Question 1

What are the effects of deafferentation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the effects of deafferentation?...

Question 2

Coordinating multiple simultaneous movements to accomplish a goal is a function of the:

Accepted Answer

A) primary motor cortex. 
B) premotor cortex. 
C) prefrontal cortex. 
D) cerebellum.

Question 3

Researchers suggest that Tourette syndrome may result from abnormal activity in brain systems that:

Accepted Answer

A) create skilled movement. 
B) control language development. 
C) mediate learning by imitation. 
D) influence decision making.

Question 4

The secondary somatosensory cortex receives information from the:

Accepted Answer

A) primary somatosensory cortex only. 
B) visual cortex and motor cortex only. 
C) primary somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, and auditory cortex. 
D) primary somatosensory cortex and tertiary somatosensory cortex.

Question 5

In all animals, a large proportion of the motor cortex is represented by:

Accepted Answer

A) the tongue and paws or hands. 
B) the arms, legs, and other large muscle groups. 
C) no single area.There is equal representation of all muscles. 
D) muscles over which an animal has skilled and intricate control.

Question 6

Unilateral damage to the spinal cord will result in the loss of _____ on the same side of the body and loss of _____ on the opposite side of the body below the site of the damage.

Accepted Answer

A) touch and proprioception; pain and temperature 
B) pain and temperature; touch and proprioception 
C) pain and touch; temperature and proprioception 
D) temperature and touch; pain and proprioception

Question 7

The premotor cortex is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

A) planning movements. 
B) producing specific movements. 
C) producing movement sequences. 
D) inhibiting spontaneous movements.

Question 8

Why is treating chronic pain so difficult?

Accepted Answer

A) People suffering from chronic pain have difficulty accurately reporting the location of their pain. 
B) Researchers have not yet identified the main pain pathways in the spinal cord. 
C) There are multiple pain pathways in the spinal cord. 
D) There is only one pain pathway in the spinal cord.

Question 9

Tourette syndrome likely reflects an abnormality in the right hemisphere of the:

Accepted Answer

A) cerebellum. 
B) basal ganglia. 
C) motor cortex. 
D) homunculus.

Question 10

How does the cerebellum improve movement control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the cerebellum improve movement control?...

Question 11

Locked-in syndrome can occur following damage to the:

Accepted Answer

A) basal ganglia. 
B) brainstem. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) primary motor cortex.

Question 12

The haptic and proprioceptive axons form the:

Accepted Answer

A) dorsal spinothalamic tract. 
B) ventral spinothalamic tract. 
C) caudal spinothalamic tract. 
D) rostral spinothalamic tract.

Question 13

Shortly after birth, baby Alex seemed completely normal; however, a few months later, he started demonstrating signs of increased muscle spasticity, dyskinesia (problems with involuntary muscle movements), and movement tremors. Based on this symptom profile, it appears that Alex may have:

Accepted Answer

A) developmental dyspraxia. 
B) damage to his cerebellum. 
C) cerebral palsy. 
D) a rare congenital form of Parkinson disease.

Question 14

The spinal cord has a role in:

Accepted Answer

A) conveying sensory and motor information between the brain and body. 
B) reflexive behaviors. 
C) walking. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

What is the likely succession of events leading up to movement?

Accepted Answer

A) transmission of information to somatosensory cortex, identification of objects by visual and auditory cortices, identification of useful body part, transmission to motor cortex, movement 
B) identification of useful body part, transmission to motor cortex, movement, identification of objects by visual and auditory cortices, transmission of information to somatosensory cortex 
C) identification of objects by visual and auditory cortices, transmission of information to somatosensory cortex, identification of useful body part, transmission to motor cortex, movement 
D) transmission to motor cortex, identification of objects by visual and auditory cortices, identification of useful body part, transmission of information to somatosensory cortex, movement

Question 16

How does the motor cortex change in response to damage?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the motor cortex change in...

Question 17

Early research on the motor cortex suggested that it _____; however, more recent work suggests that the motor cortex may actually _____.

Accepted Answer

A) controls individual muscle movements; store a repertoire of movement categories 
B) stores a repertoire of movement categories; control individual muscle movements 
C) controls only reflexive movements; control both reflexive and voluntary movement 
D) controls only learned movements; control both learned and innate movements

Question 18

The _____ control(s) the force of a movement, whereas the _____ control(s) the timing and accuracy of the movement.

Accepted Answer

A) motor cortex; basal ganglia 
B) basal ganglia; motor cortex 
C) basal ganglia; cerebellum 
D) cerebellum; basal ganglia

Question 19

Following a recent stroke, Anthony now has a great deal of difficulty using his right hand, and he has resorted to doing things with his left hand. Your advice to Anthony is to:

Accepted Answer

A) keep using his left hand so he can become independent more quickly. 
B) try using both hands to accomplish a task to recover function in his right hand more quickly. 
C) consider the use of nanotechnology to heal his right hand. 
D) force himself to use only his impaired right hand to promote neuroplasticity.

Question 20

Hapsis is the perception of:

Accepted Answer

A) fine touch. 
B) the location of one's body in space. 
C) pain. 
D) chemical irritants.

Exam 11: How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement