Question 1

Companies that use animals for research:

Accepted Answer

A) must submit protocols to a university board. 
B) must submit protocols to a government board. 
C) must be overseen by the SPCA. 
D) are not required to follow a screening process.

Question 2

Describe the differences in patterns of EEG activity when a person is in an awake or excited state compared to a relaxed state with eyes closed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences in patterns of EEG...

Question 3

fMRI has high _____ but low _____.

Accepted Answer

A) temporal resolution; spatial resolution 
B) spatial resolution; temporal resolution 
C) radiation exposure; imaging clarity 
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 4

The mirror-drawing task measures:

Accepted Answer

A) sensory perception. 
B) motor memory. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) spatial memory.

Question 5

Identify and describe the four principles used in Canada for reviewing the use of animals in brain-behavior research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and describe the four principles used...

Question 6

The advantage of fNIRS is that _____, while the disadvantage is that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) researchers can measure a variety of brain activity; it is an invasive technique 
B) it is easy to administer; researchers can measure only cortical activity 
C) it is easy to administer; researchers cannot measure cortical activity 
D) it can be used on anyone, including infants; it can only be used on each subject once

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of fMRI?

Accepted Answer

A) poor temporal resolution 
B) subject must remain completely still 
C) feelings of claustrophobia 
D) poor spatial resolution

Question 8

For measuring spatial memory in rats, the platform is placed in one location for numerous trials to measure _____, whereas for measuring _____, the platform is placed in a new location on each trial.

Accepted Answer

A) place learning; matching-to-place learning 
B) matching-to-place learning; place learning 
C) matching-to-place learning; landmark learning 
D) landmark learning; matching-to-place learning

Question 9

List three examples of neuropsychological tests. What are these tests used to examine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of List three examples of neuropsychological tests. What...

Question 10

How are ERPs different from an EEG? How can ERPs be used to examine the link between the brain and behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are ERPs different from an EEG?...

Question 11

EEG is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

A) graded potentials. 
B) evoked potentials. 
C) action potentials. 
D) event-related potentials.

Question 12

_____ is easy to model in laboratory animals, while _____ is much more difficult.

Accepted Answer

A) ADHD; Parkinson disease 
B) Parkinson disease; stroke 
C) Stroke; ADHD 
D) ADHD; stroke

Question 13

_____ is a procedure in which a cannula is implanted to collect extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) Microdialysis 
B) Cerebral voltammetry 
C) PET 
D) Microiontophoresis

Question 14

What is a possible future usage for NIRS?

Accepted Answer

A) healing damaged brain tissue 
B) treating schizophrenia 
C) guiding the removal of brain cancer 
D) treating Parkinson disease

Question 15

PET can:

Accepted Answer

A) detect the decay of radiochemicals. 
B) detect relative amounts of neurotransmitters. 
C) be used to study cognitive function. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

To study the electrical activity of a group of neurons, you would use _____; however, to study the electrical activity of a single neuron, you would use _____.

Accepted Answer

A) intracellular recording; extracellular recording 
B) EEG; ECoG 
C) extracellular recording; intracellular recording 
D) ERP; MEG

Question 17

Stimuli related to rewarding behaviors such as food and sex are correlated with fluctuations of:

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine in the substantia nigra. 
B) serotonin in the nucleus accumbens. 
C) serotonin in the substantia nigra. 
D) dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.

Question 18

_____ rhythms are extremely regular, with a frequency of approximately 11 cycles per second, and are commonly observed when a person is awake but relaxed.

Accepted Answer

A) Alpha 
B) Beta 
C) Theta 
D) Delta

Question 19

In optogenetics, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) can be used to _____ neurons, whereas halorhodopsin (NpHR) can be used to _____ neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) depolarize; hyperpolarize 
B) hyperpolarize; depolarize 
C) inactivate; activate 
D) destroy; promote the growth of

Question 20

What is the difference between anatomical and functional brain imaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) Anatomical imaging records changes in blood flow, while functional imaging records changes in oxygen and glucose levels. 
B) Anatomical imaging records physical changes in the brain directly, while functional imaging generates brain images based on outward behavior. 
C) Anatomical imaging presents a static image, while functional imaging can track changes in brain activity over time. 
D) Anatomical imaging records chemical activity in the brain, whereas functional imaging records electrical activity.

Exam 7: How Do We Study the Brains Structures and Functions