Which One of the Following Illustrates the Use of Formative

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following illustrates the use of formative assessment?

A) A teacher gives students an unexpected ("pop") quiz that will be worth extra points toward their final class grade.
B) A teacher gives students an unexpected quiz to find out what things they need more work on; it won't count toward final grades.
C) A university uses students' SAT scores to determine which students to accept; only the top 5% are admitted.
D) A university uses students' SAT scores to determine which students to accept; all students who score at or above a certain cutoff score are admitted.