Which One of the Following Is the Best Example of High-Stakes

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is the best example of high-stakes testing as educators typically use this term?

A) A high school awards diplomas only to students who score above predetermined cutoffs on tests of writing,math,science,and history.
B) A high school teacher gives exams that,in the opinion of students and their parents,are far too difficult for most 16- and 17-year-olds.
C) When administering a series of tests to a middle school student to determine if he has a learning disability,a school psychologist asks questions about the student's religious beliefs,sexual knowledge,and other very personal issues.
D) A school district wants to track students' progress in various content domains to help in decision making about the current school curriculum. It administers a standardized achievement test to students at all grade levels.