Question 1

Identify a true statement about problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics guarantee a correct solution. 
B)  Heuristics are often based on strategies that worked in the past. 
C)  Algorithms permit more rapid solutions than heuristics. 
D)  Algorithms are simpler and require less scientific knowledge than heuristics.

Question 2

_____ is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.

Accepted Answer

A)  Displacement 
B)  Overextension 
C)  Functional fixedness 
D)  Cognitive dissonance

Question 3

__________is the quality of language that permits one to communicate information about objects and events in another time and place.

Accepted Answer

A)  Convergence 
B)  Centration 
C)  Displacement 
D)  Divergence

Question 4

Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars or more foreign-made cars. She arrived at a conclusion based on the cars her American friends drove. In this scenario, Barbara used _____ to come to a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A)  the anchoring heuristic 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  functional fixedness

Question 5

It takes children longer to learn new words than it takes apes to learn new signs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

__________is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas.

Accepted Answer

A)  Divergence 
B)  Convergence 
C)  Semanticity 
D)  Regularity

Question 7

__________is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Practicality 
B)  Creativity 
C)  Semanticity 
D)  Regularity

Question 8

According to the representativeness heuristic, people make judgments about events according to:

Accepted Answer

A)  their recent experiences with similar events. 
B)  the populations of events that they appear to depict. 
C)  how easy it is to find examples of relevant events. 
D)  their initial views, or presumptions.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They represent things that can easily be measured. 
B)  They do not affect cognition. 
C)  They can represent visions of things that never were measured. 
D)  They do not represent activities.

Question 10

__________are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties.

Accepted Answer

A)  Concepts 
B)  Anagrams 
C)  Algorithms 
D)  Heuristics

Question 11

A(n) _____ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype 
B)  algorithm 
C)  language 
D)  exemplar

Question 12

A(n) _____ is a systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly applied.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype 
B)  algorithm 
C)  hypothesis 
D)  exemplar

Question 13

The anchoring and adjustment heuristic is a decision-making heuristic in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  a presumption or first estimate serves as a cognitive bias. 
B)  our estimates of frequency or probability are based on how easy it is to find examples of relevant events. 
C)  our estimates about events are based on the populations of events that they appear to represent. 
D)  a decision is based solely on the most recently available evidence.

Question 14

According to the linguistic-relativity hypothesis, language does not affect the way we perceive the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When a child utters the word "mama," it may signify meanings as varied as "There goes Mama," "Come here, Mama," and "You are my Mama." Such single words used by children to express complex meanings are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototypes 
B)  anagrams 
C)  holophrases 
D)  heuristics

Question 16

During a math test, Jacob is given the lengths of two sides of a right triangle and is asked to find the length of its third side. He uses the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the length. In this scenario, Jacob has used a(n) _____ to calculate the length of the third side of the right triangle.

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype 
B)  hypothesis 
C)  algorithm 
D)  exemplar

Question 17

Christopher is skilled at problem solving and possesses broad reasoning abilities. According to Charles Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  general intelligence 
B)  naturalist intelligence 
C)  spatial intelligence 
D)  existential intelligence

Question 18

Jane is a ten-year-old girl with a mental age (MA) of twelve. Jane's intelligence quotient (IQ) calculated using Wilhelm Stern's formula is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  90 
B)  100 
C)  120 
D)  125

Question 19

A(n) _____ is a concept of a category of objects or events that serves as a good example of the category.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcer 
B)  anagram 
C)  prototype 
D)  heuristic

Question 20

Susan, an astronomer, studies the nature of stars and has contributed significantly to the understanding of the laws that govern their behavior. In this scenario, Susan is exhibiting _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bodily-kinesthetic intelligence 
B)  spatial-relations intelligence 
C)  personal intelligence 
D)  naturalist intelligence

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence