Question 1

Identify a true statement about heuristics.

Accepted Answer

A)   They require more scientific knowledge than algorithms.
B)   They are more complicated than algorithms.
C)   Unlike algorithms, they do not permit rapid solutions.
D)   Unlike algorithms, they do not guarantee a correct solution. D

Question 2

In the context of the theories of intelligence, which of the following statements is true of creative people?

Accepted Answer

A)   They accept their limitations.
B)   They appreciate art and music.
C)   They adhere to social norms and take popular stands.
D)   They use convergent thinking to solve problems. B

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Language acquisition is based solely on environmental influences.
B)   Vocabulary development is independent of intelligence.
C)   Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning.
D)   Numerous researchers suggest that language learning begins at 36 months. C

Question 4

__________are rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   Heuristics
B)   Anagrams
C)   Exemplars
D)   Analogies

Question 5

__________holds that innate factors, which make up children's nature, cause children to attend to and acquire language in certain ways.

Accepted Answer

A)   Linguistic determinism
B)   The nativist theory of language development
C)   The empiricist theory of language acquisition
D)   Linguistic chauvinism

Question 6

According to Louis Thurstone,__________are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary mental abilities
B)   representativeness heuristics
C)   availability heuristics
D)   ordinal-level variables

Question 7

Anna points to an object and tells her two-year-old son what it is. He then points and repeats what Anna said. In the context of the social-cognitive perspective, Anna serves as a(n) _____ for her child to acquire language skills.

Accepted Answer

A)   incubator
B)   model
C)   shaper
D)   prototype

Question 8

The influence of wording, or the context in which information is presented, on decision making is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   overregularization
B)   the framing effect
C)   overextension
D)   the Flynn effect

Question 9

A(n)__________is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.

Accepted Answer

A)   exemplar
B)   analogy
C)   heuristic
D)   algorithm

Question 10

In language development, over inclusion of instances in a category is labeled _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   overregularization
B)   overanalyzing
C)   overarching
D)   overextension

Question 11

The__________is a decision-making heuristic in which our estimates of frequency or probability of events are based on how easy it is to find examples.

Accepted Answer

A)   representativeness heuristic
B)   availability heuristic
C)   anchoring heuristic
D)   adjustment heuristic

Question 12

In Gestalt psychology,__________is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.

Accepted Answer

A)   an algorithm
B)   insight
C)   catharsis
D)   an anagram

Question 13

Ava, a four-year-old girl, combines words to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   regularization
B)   cognitive dissonance
C)   infinite creativity
D)   centration

Question 14

Research shows that apes are very reliable in their sequencing of signs, suggesting that they comprehend the rules of grammar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to psycholinguistic theory, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   language acquisition devices hinder the process of language development
B)   language is acquired entirely through external factors
C)   environmental influences affect language acquisition
D)   the process of language acquisition is independent of parental reinforcement

Question 16

In__________, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course.

Accepted Answer

A)   triangulation
B)   convergent thinking
C)   centration
D)   divergent thinking

Question 17

Identify a true statement about prelinguistic vocalizations.

Accepted Answer

A)   Babbling is not inborn.
B)   Deaf children cannot babble.
C)   During the second month, babies begin babbling.
D)   Babbling is prelinguistic.

Question 18

In the context of psycholinguistic theory, the inborn tendency to acquire language is referred to as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   language acquisition device
B)   extralinguistic cue
C)   language lexicon
D)   cross-linguistic typology

Question 19

In the context of factors that affect problem solving, _____ refers to the tendency to view an object in terms of its name or familiar usage.

Accepted Answer

A)   parallel processing
B)   operant conditioning
C)   functional fixedness
D)   cognitive dissonance

Question 20

Emotional intelligence does not involve self-insight.

Accepted Answer